history

Fascism

A form of totalitarianism that demands absolute loyalty to the state and obedience to a single ruler.

Difference between Fascism and Communism

Fascism supports a class-based, nationalistic society, whereas Communism advocates for a classless, international society.

Covenant in Fascism

A mutual agreement where the people give loyalty to the state and its leader for promises of economic strength and national pride.

Roots of Fascism

Fascism is rooted in national pride and the desire to restore a nation’s former greatness.

Cult of Personality

The veneration of a fascist leader as a god-like figure, whose words are viewed as infallible.

Leader of Nazi Germany

Adolf Hitler, who ruled from 1933 to 1945.

Leader of Fascist Italy

Benito Mussolini, who ruled from 1922 to 1943.

Nazi Party Name and Flag

National Socialist German Workers’ Party; flag with a black swastika in the center of a white circle on a red background.

Fascist Party Name and Flag

National Fascist Party; flag featuring a black background with a fasces.

Nazi Beliefs

Promoted Aryan superiority, anti-Semitism, and sought absolute control over German life.

Mussolini's Beliefs

Emphasized Italian nationalism, military expansion, and restored Roman Empire glory.

Support for Nazi Regime

Offered economic recovery, national pride restoration, and stability during crises like the Great Depression.

Support for Mussolini's Regime

Promised economic revival, restoration of Italy's glory, and used violence against leftists to gain middle-class support.

Hitler's Tactics to Maintain Power

Reichstag Fire Decree, Enabling Act, purging political enemies, and creating a cult of personality.

Mussolini's Tactics to Maintain Power

Abolished democracy, controlled media, and used propaganda and public projects to gain loyalty.

USSR Leader

Joseph Stalin, who emerged after Lenin's death and established a totalitarian regime.

Soviet Union Party Name and Flag

Communist Party (Bolsheviks); symbolized by red flags with hammer and sickle.

Japanese Military Beliefs

Emphasized nationalism, imperial expansion, and military dominance while promoting Emperor worship.

Economic Policies of USSR

State control of the economy, rapid industrialization through five-year plans, and collectivization.

Economic Policies in Japan

Imperial expansion to gain resources, prioritizing military spending, and suppressing civil liberties.

Propaganda in Nazi Germany

Controlled media and events, used propaganda films, and mass rallies to promote Nazi ideology.

Mussolini's Propaganda

Controlled media, staged public events, and education to glorify himself and ancient Rome.

Stalin's Use of Secret Police

Used secret police to hunt down political enemies, enforce purges, and imprison dissenters in gulags.

Military Control in Japan

The military gradually took control of government, subordinated civil liberties, and promoted nationalism.

Outcome of Hitler's Policies

Aggressive war expansion leading to WWII, monumental state control, and the Holocaust.

Outcome of Mussolini's Policies

Failed military campaigns and fascist dictatorship leading to his execution.