HY 120 UAB Final

Washington believed liberty and the republican model of government was dependent on the success of America's experiment-

Self-Government

Jefferson and Madison felt the greatest threat to American freedom lay in the alliance of a powerful central government with an emerging class of commercial capitalists. True or False?

True

The Constitution makes no mention of political parties. True or False?

True

What were the main elements of a market revolution or American Industrialization?

It represented an acceleration of developments already under way in the colonial era. In the first half of the 19th century, in rapid succession, the steamboat, canal, railroad, and telegraph brought American out of its economic past. These innovation opened new land yo settlement , lowered transportation costs, and made it far easier for economic enterprises to sell their products.

Compared to Brazil and the West Indies, involving hundreds or even thousands of slaves, revolts in the United States were-

Smaller and Less Frequent

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Law that created the Northwest Territory (area north of the Ohio River and west of Pennsylvania), established conditions for self-government and state-hood, included a Bill of Rights, and permanently prohibited slavery

U.S. Quasi-War 1798

Undeclared war fought entirely at sea between the US and France from 1798 to 1800. The French began to seize American ships trading with their British enemies

Judith Sargent Murray

A writer and early feminist thinker prominent in the years following the American Revolution

Lewis and Clark Expedition

Led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, a mission to the Pacific coast commissioned for the purposes of scientific and geographical exploration

The Haitian Revolution

A slave uprising that led to the establishment of Haiti as an independent country in 1804

The Whiskey Rebellion 1749

Violent protest by Western Pennsylvania farmers against the federal excise tax on whiskey

Marbury v. Madison

First U.S. Supreme Court decision to declare a federal law-the Judiciary Act of 1801- unconstitutional

Henry David Thoreau

American poet and Transendentalist who was against slavery, was jailed for refusing to pay taxes as a protest against the war

Describe Americans who moved west

Conditions in the East were bad, cost of land increased, displaced farmers, African American and workers (religious freedom mormons) outlaws on the run, Indians

Samuel Morse

Invented the telegraph

Monroe Doctrine

President James Monroe's declaration to Congress on December 2, 1823, that the American continents would be thenceforth closed to European colonizations, and that the United States would not interfere in European affairs

Voting Requirements in the U.S. circa 1860

The Spoils System

Term meaning the filling of federal government jobs with persons loyal to the party of the president; originated in Andrew Jackson's first term

James Madison and the American System

Supported Henry Clay's American System which embraced policies designed to tie the East to the West in a national market: included a national bank, protective tariffs, and a national system of roads.

The Era of Good Feelings 1817-1825

Contemporary characterization of the administration of popular Republican president James Monroe

Indian Removal Act of 1830

Law signed by President Andrew Jackson that permitted the negotiation of treaties to obtain the Indians' land in exchange for their relocation to what would become Oklahoma

Lincoln's Emancimation Proclamation

Declaration issued by Lincoln; the preliminary proclamation on September 22, 1862, freed slaves in areas under Confederate controls ad of January 1, 1863, the date of the final proclamation, which also authorized the enrollment of black soldiers into the Union army

King Cotton

An attempt during the Civil War by the South to encourage British intervention by banning cotton exports

Amistad

Ship that transported slaves from one port in Cuba to another, seized by the slaves in 1839. They made their way northward to the United States, where the status of the slaves became the subject of celebrated court case; eventually most were able to return to Africa.

Nat Turner

Slave Preacher who led the most important slave uprising in nineteenth-century America, where with his followers killed about 60 white persons in South-ampton County, Virginia in 1831

"Peculiar Institution"

A phrase used by whites in the antebellum South to refer to slavery without using the word "slavery"

Paternalism

A moral position development during the first half of the nineteenth century which claimed that slaves were deprived of liberty for their own "good". Such a rationalization was adopted by some slaveowners to justify slavery

The Second Middle Passage

The massive trade of slaves from the upper South (Virginia and the Chesapeake) to the lower South (the Gulf states) that took place between 1820 and 1860

The Oneida Community

Utopian community founded in 1848; the perfectionist religious group practiced "complex marriage" under John Humphrey Noyes

The American Colonization Society

Organized in 1816 to encourage colonization of free blacks to Africa; West African nation of Liberia founded in 1822 to serve as a homeland for them

Dorothea Dix

An important figure in increasing the public's awareness of the plight of the mentally ill. After a two-year investigation of the treatment of the mentally ill in Massachusetts, she presented her findings and won the support of leading reformers. She eventually convinced twenty states to reform their treatment of the mentally ill

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Abolitionist author of Uncle Tom's Cabin; by portraying slaves as sympathetic men and women and as Christians at the mercy of slaveholders who split up families and set blood hounds on innocent mothers and children. Gave abolitionists message a powerful human appeal

Shakers

Religious sect founded by Mother Anne Lee in England. The United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing settled in Watervliet, New York, in 1774, and subsequently established eighteen additional communes in the Northeast, Indiana, and Kentucky

Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854

Law sponsored by Illinois senator Stephen A. Douglas to allow settlers in newly organized territories north of the Missouri border to decide the slavery issue for themselves; fury over the resulting repeal of the Missouri Compromise of 1820 led to violence in Kansas and to the formation of the Republican Party

Dred Scot Case

1857 Supreme Court decision in which Chief Justice Roger B. Taney ruled that congress could not prohibit slavery in the territories, on the grounds that such a prohibition would violate the Fifth Amendment rights of slaveholders, and that no black person could be a citizen of the United States

Free Soil Party Platform

Political organization formed in 1848 to oppose slavery in the territory acquired in the Mexican War; nominated Martin Van Buren for president in 1848. By 1854 most of the party's members had joined the Republican Party

Fugitive Slave Act

1850 law that gave the federal government authority in cases involving runaway slaves; aroused considerable opposition in the North

Gasden Purchase

Thirty thousand square miles in present-day Arizona and New Mexico brought by Congress from Mexico in 1853 primarily for the Southern Pacific Railroad's transcontinental route.

The Know Nothing Party

Group of prejudice people who formed a political party during the time when the KKK grew. Anti-Catholics and anti-foreign. They were also known as the American Party.

The Mexican War

Controversial war with Mexico for control of California and New Mexico, 1846-1848; the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo fixed the border at the Rio Grande and extended the United States to the Pacific coast, annexing more than a half-million square mil

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1848

Agreement that ended the Mexican War and confirmed the annexation of Texas and ceded California and present-day New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, and Utah to the United States. In exchange, the United States paid Mexico $15 mil

Pickett's Charge

July 3rd General Pickett led 15,00 troops, less than half came back, they never reached union lines. Later known as the "high tide of the confederacy", considered Lee's greatest blunder, they retreated back to Virginia and never went back on Northern soil

Manifest Destinyh

Phrase first used in the 1845 to urge annexation of Texas; used thereafter to encourage American settlement of European colonial and Indian lands in the Great Plains and the West and, more generally, as a justification for American empire

Navajo's Long Walk

The forced removal of 8,000 Navajos from their lands by Union forces to a reservation in the 1860's

Gettysburg Address

A 3 min speech by Lincoln that identified the nations mission with the principle that "all men are created equal", spoke of war bringing a "new birth of freedom", defined the essence of democratic gov, and ensured that "gov of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth"

Lincoln's Initial Main Concern during the Civil War

Bringing the country back together

Understand the Morale and Treatment of the Union vs. Confederate Soldiers (Morale, Supplies, and Death/Disease)