UGA GEOG1111 Chapter 9

Strain

________ is how rocks respond to stress à expressed in rocks folding or faulting.

Flows of heat

________ and material are deep below the surface, with radioactive decay being the main energy source.

Volcanic features

________, formed by surface accumulation of molten rock from eruptions of subsurface materials.

Catastrophism

________- Compressed timescale for Earths existence.

Rocks

________ are a bunch of minerals cemented together.

Endogenic systems

________ involve internal processes- Tectonics, Earthquakes, Volcanoes.

Hypsometry

________- distribution of Earths surface and elevation in relation to sea level.

Extrusive

________- molten material above the earths surface.

Exogenic systems

________ involve external processes- Weathering, Erosion, Rivers, Oceans, Glaciers.

Igneous

________: forms from magma found below the earths surface.

Syncline

________- trough of a fold, slope downward towards the axis (trough)

Anticline

________- ridge of a fold, slope downward away from axis.

Asthenosphere

________: is a plastic layer below the crust; drives plate tectonics.

Intrusive

________- forms within the earths crust.

Vertical elevation

Relief- ________ differences in the landscape | Topography- Describes earths surface.

Uniformitarianism

________- physical processes operating today operated in the past.

Guttenberg

________ discontinuity- Line in between Mantle and core.

radioactive decay of isotopes

Absolute- uses ________ to find the exact age.

rigid layer

Lithosphere: Rocky, ________ made up of crust and upper mantle.

Tectonic cycle

________- moves material between the surface and mantle.

Minerals

________ are a natural compound having a specific chemical formula and crystalline structure.

Equilibrium

Punctuated ________- Periods of stability interrupted by dramatic changes.

Contact metamorphism

________- heating due to rising magma.

Oxides

________: Oxygen + other metal (iron ________, calcium ________)

Metamorphic

________: Rocks put under intense heat and /or pressure, altering the chemical composition.

Hydrologic cycle

________- erosion, transportation, deposition.

Magnetic reversals

________- particles align themselves with prevailing magnetic field.

Rocks

________ are subjected to stress due to tectonic forces, gravity, and pressure from overlying ________.

Uniformitarianism

physical processes operating today operated in the past

Catastrophism

Compressed timescale for Earths existence

Inner Core

solid iron

Outer Core

Molten Iron

Lithosphere

Rocky, rigid layer made up of crust and upper mantle

Asthenosphere

is a plastic layer below the crust; drives plate tectonics

Silicates

common mineral family (quartz, feldspar, gemstones)

Oxides

Oxygen + other metal (iron oxide, calcium oxide)

Igneous

forms from magma found below the earths surface

Intrusive

forms within the earths crust

Extrusive

molten material above the earths surface

Sedimentary

Rocks formed from sediment

Metamorphic

Rocks put under intense heat and/or pressure, altering the chemical composition

Regional metamorphism

sediment collecting in broad depression

Contact metamorphism

heating due to rising magma

Hydrologic cycle

erosion, transportation, deposition

Rock cycle

3 basic rock types

Tectonic cycle

moves material between the surface and mantle

sea floor spreading

undersea mountain ranges

magnetic reversals

particles align themselves with prevailing magnetic field

Anticline

ridge of a fold, slope downward away from axis

Syncline

trough of a fold, slope downward towards the axis (trough)

Thrust fault

overturned folds

Faulting

when the stress is so great, the crust breaks

Normal Fault

Pulling rocks apart (tension fault)

Reverse Fault

Compression pushing against rocks (thrust fault), one part of crust overruns the other

Strike-Slip Fault

Stress applied is in a shearing direction and you get a break