Studied by 16 people
Convection occurring in Earth's ______________ drives the process of plate tectonics.
a. crust
b. outer core
c. inner core
d. mantle
mantle
Earth's magnetic poles have changed numerous times, true or false?
True
There are how many different types of tectonic plate margins?
a. 1
b. 3
c. 2
d. 4
3
Some minerals are magnetic, smell, or taste unique, true or false?
True
The _______ hardness scale is used to test mineral strength and ranges from 1-10
a. Franklin
b. Moss
c. Mohs
d. Milankovich
Mohs
Two common minerals across FL are:
a. diamond, garnet
b. calcite, quartz
c. biotite, calcite
d. magnetite, olivine
calcite, quartz
If a mineral is said to have cleavage, it exhibits a(n) _________ breakage pattern
a. irregular
b. conchoidal
c. regular
d. chaotic
regular
If a mineral is said to have a fracture, it exhibits a(n) _____________ breakage pattern
a. irregular
b. chaotic
c. regular
d. conchoidal
irregular
The arrangement of continents and ocean basins on Earth has never changed, True or False?
False
The Earth's crust can be divided into how many distinct types?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
2
Which is the largest/thickest layer of Earth?
a. crust
b. mantle
c. core
d. asthenosphere
mantle
Earth's magnetic field is emitted from which layer?
a. crust
b. mantle
c. outer core
d. inner core
outer core
Seismic waves travel straight through the Earth, True or False?
F
Earth's layers formed through the process of:
a. dissociation
b. differences
c. differentiation
d. distinct flash points
differentiation
_________ was the last supercontinent to have formed on Earth ≅ 320 million years ago.
a. panacea
b. pangea
c. rodinia
d. laurentia
pangea
All of Earth's internal layers are solids, true or false?
false
At mid ocean ridges, rock is:
a. destroyed
b. formed
c. recycled
d. injected into the center of the Earth
formed
At ocean trenches, rock is:
a. destroyed rapidly
b. formed
c. injected into the center of the Earth
d. slowly pushed back into Earth and recycled
slowly pushed back into Earth and recycled
The three main types of continental plate margins are divergent, convergent, and?
a. transferred
b. transform
c. translocated
d. secluded
transform
The invention of _______ during the world wars lead to the discovery of bathymetric features.
a. magnetometers
b. lasers
c. sonar
d. seismic stratigraphy
sonar
Alfred Wegener provided evidence supporting his idea of __________________
a. plate tectonics
b. continental collision
c. puzzle piece theory
d. continental drift
continental drift
The submarine process of seafloor ______ has been called the "missing link" for continental drift
a. shifting
b. spreading
c. shearing
d. diving
spreading
The age of rock under seafloor is ________ near the modern coastlines
a. younger
b. older
c. over 500 million years old
d. less than 1 million years old
older
The Earth is unique because it has which of the following:
a. an atmosphere
b. oceans
c. plate tectonics
d. all of the above
oceans
The continental margins of FL are ____________
a. active
b. passive
c. pristine
d. lined by coral reefs
passive
There are only about 500 minerals known on Earth, true or false
false
A mineral is which of the following:
a. naturally occurring
b. inorganic
c. crystalline
d. solid
e. all of the above
all of the above
Amber (fossilized tree sap) is a mineral, true or false?
false
There are only 5 main properties that can be used to distinguish minerals, true or false?
false
When you grind or powder a mineral you are testing its:
a. color
b. hardness
c. luster
d. streak
e. cleavage
f. fracture
streak
Slight variations in a minerals' chemical composition can change its color, true or false?
true
A mineral with metallic luster appears:
a. dull
b. transparent
c. rusty
d. shiny
shiny
A mineral with a nonmetallic luster appears:
a. dull
b. chromed
c. polished
d. shiny
dull
The mineral calcite is unique because it:
a. is extremely dense
b. dissolves readily
c. has a distinct smell
d. has a distinct taste
dissolves readily
Mineral color is always the best way to identify a mineral, true or false?
false
If a mineral fizzes when acid is applied, it contains ___________
a. sodium
b. calcium (Ca)
c. iron
d. calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
Mineral hardness is the resistance to breaking, true or false?
false
Diamond and graphite are composed of the same element, true or false?
true
Sandpaper contains minerals that are located where on the Mohs scale?
a. lower
b. higher
c. in the middle
d. off the chart
higher
A few minerals including hematite and galena can be determined by their smell and/or taste, true or false?
false
Glass is a mineral, true or false?
false
Based on hardness, a fingernail can scratch which of the following minerals?
a. garnet
b. galena
c. talc
d. calcite
talc
Based on hardness, a diamond can scratch which of the following minerals?
a. garnet
b. galena
c. diamond
d. all of the above
all of the above
Ice cubes (made in the freezer) are minerals, true or false?
false
Minerals are the building blocks to rocks, true or false?
true
Lava flows are described as being:
a. intrusive
b. ephemeral
c. internal
d. extrusive
extrusive
Sills form:
a. across preexisting rock layers
b. before layers above
c. between preexisting rock layers
d. at Earth's surface
between preexisting rock layers
The most important characteristic(s) when identifying igneous rocks are: _______________
a. intrusive/extrusive
b. grain/crystal/mineral size
c. mineral content
d. density
e. b and c
b and c
Small crystals in igneous rocks indicate a slowly cooling condition, true or false?
false
Igneous rocks may have the same composition but different crystal sizes, true or false?
true
Dikes form:
a. between preexisting layers
b. continuously
c. across preexisting layers
d. a and b
across preexisting layers
The rate of cooling affects the mineral grain sizes in igneous rocks, true or false?
true
Pumice and Obsidian are both composed of volcanic glass, true or false?
true
Granite, Rhyolite, and Pegmatite have the same general: ______________
a. origin
b. mineral composition
c. crystal size
d. all of the above
mineral composition
The two main types of igneous rocks are intrusive and __________
a. plutonic
b. extrusive
c. intermediate
d. mafic
extrusive
The Palisades ___________ is an example of an intrusive igneous rock formation
a. dike
b. sill
c. pluton
d. batholith
sill
Rock forming at mid ocean ridge systems is basalt, true or false?
true
Volcanoes erupt _________ which forms ___________ igneous rock when solidified
a. magma; intrusive
b. magma; extrusive
c. lava; intrusive
d. lava; extrusive
lava; extrusive
In a general way, Gabbro is the intrusive form of Basalt, true or false?
true
Scoria and Pumice are both made of volcanic glass and contain many small vesicles, true or false?
true
Igneous rocks with large crystal sizes are said to be: __________________
a. extrusive
b. aphanitic
c. vesicular
d. phaneritic
phaneritic
In general, Diorite has this type of light and dark mineral composition:
a. 25% light 75% dark
b. 50% light 50% dark
c. 40% light 60% dark
d. 60% light 40% dark
50% light 50% dark
All volcanic eruptions are extremely explosive, true or false?
false
The ________________ reaction series for minerals describes melting and crystallization temperatures
a. Hess
b. Mohs
c. Wegener
d. Bowen
Bowen
According to the rock cycle, igneous rocks form:
a. from solid rock
b. from sedimentary rock
c. from metamorphic rock
d. from molten rock
from molten rock
The further below the Earth's surface, the __________ rock is. This is also called the Principle of Superposition
a. younger
b. older
c. colder
d. wetter
older
Referring to depositional energy, small particles indicate ________ energy
a. low
b. high
c. rapid
d. potential
low
Referring to depositional energy, large particles indicate ________ energy
a. low
b. high
c. rapid
d. potential
high
Conglomerates contain particles that are ___________
a. angular
b. rounded
c. fossils
d. potential
rounded
The ancient environment responsible for forming sedimentary rocks cannot be determined without the presence of fossils, true or false?
false
Shale is commonly lithified mud, true or false?
true
Breccia contains particles that are _____________
a. angular
b. rounded
c. fossils
d. melted
angular
Polygonal features commonly found in shale that represent dry conditions are called:
a. ripple marks
b. syneresis cracks
c. mud cracks
d. flute casts
mud cracks
Fossil remains in sedimentary rocks are considered bioclasts, true or false?
true
These structures form from wind or water currents that move clasts or particles
a. mud cracks
b. ripple marks
c. syneresis cracks
d. load casts
ripple marks
A river is transporting mud, sand, and gravel. When the water velocity decreases and energy is lost, the first particles to be deposited are ________
a. mud
b. sand
c. gravel
d. none of the above
gravel
Limestone is a clastic sedimentary rock, true or false?
false
Coquina is composed of shells/biogenic remains, true or false?
true
In sedimentary rocks, irregular, angular particles indicate:
a. extensive weathering and erosion has occurred
b. a single rock layer broke apart
c. little weathering and erosion has occurred
d. the particle has traveled far
little weathering and erosion has occurred
Sedimentary rocks exhibiting ___________ bedding are frequently associated with underwater landslides called ____________
a. irregular; turbidity
b. graded; plumes
c. great; turbidity
d. graded; turbidity currents
graded; turbidity currents
Chemical sedimentary rocks commonly form as particles or minerals precipitate out of a solution, true or false?
false
Sediments that become deposited , compacted, and cemented will eventually form rock through the process of: ___________________
a. diagenesis
b. alteration
c. lignification
d. lithification
lithification
Sediments are commonly deposited in horizontal layers or beds. Sometimes these layers have a wavy, layered ripple appearance and are called _____________ beds.
a. table
b. corner
c. cross
d. crinkled
cross
The main types of rock weathering are:
a. shrinking and cracking
b. frosting and liquifying
c. mechanical, physical, and biological
d. physical, chemical, biological
physical, chemical, biological
Poorly sorted sedimentary rocks are made up of only angular clasts, true or false?
false
What is the correct order of these foliated rocks?
a. schist, shale, gneiss, phyllite, slate
b. shale, phyllite, slate, gneiss, schist
c. gneiss, phyllite, schist, slate, shale
d. shale, slate, phyllite, schist, gneiss
shale, slate, phyllite, schist, gneiss
metamorphic rocks that have a ‘banded’ appearance are said to be:
a. non foliated
b. foliated
c. sedimentary
d. igneous
foliated
the two forces that produce metamorphic rocks are:
a. gravity and pressure
b. wind and water
c. heat and pressure
d. gravity and heat
heat and pressure
What happens to a metamorphic rock as pressure increases?
a. density increases
b. porosity decreases
c. rock deforms
d. all of the above
all of the above
What is the name for the original rock that has undergone metamorphism?
a. prototype
b. original rock
c. protolith
d. batholith
protolith
Rocks melt during metamorphism, true or false?
false
Note 
Flashcard (68)