Intergumentary System

skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands

integumentary system

Protection of bacteria, UV; body temperature regulation through sweat glands; Excretion of salts and urea, Production of Vitamin D, and sensory reception

Functions of Skin

(produce the fibrous protein keratin). These cells are connected by desmosomes.

Keratinocytes

Anchoring junctions that prevent cells from being pulled apart

Desmosomes

immune cells

dendritic and macrophages

Row of cells along the dermis, Consists of a row of stemcells (youngest keratinocytes) and they rapidlydivide.

Stratum Basale

Several layers of keratinocytes with manydesmosomes and intermediate filaments- Dendritic cells and macrophages are found here

Stratum Spinosum

A thin layer of flattened keratinocytes. Any layer above this layer is too far from the vascularization of the connective tissue to survive. Cells contain granules that help waterproof and thicken the plasma membrane

stratum granulosum

(occurs in thick but not thin skin) Consists of a few rows of flat dead keratinocytes

Stratum Lucideum

Dead keratinocytes that are flat sacs filled with keratin. Also has intermediate filaments embedded in "glue" from the granule

Stratum Corneum

middle layer of skin divided into the papillary layer, and reticular layer

Dermis

s composed of areolar connective tissue (thin collagen and elastic fibers)

Papillary Dermis

Composed of Dense Irregular connective tissue.

Reticular Dermis

Oil Glands, found everywhere except palms and soles, secrete sebum (oil), they are holocrine glands (explode, releasing contents), have no lumen

sebacious glands

Secretion process of sebacious glands. The central cells of the gland become engorged with lipids and burst.

holocrene secretion

sweat glands made mostly of water, sweat comes from a filtrate of the blood

eccrine sweat glands

sweat glands only active after puberty; secrete a milky sweat with lipids and proteins, located in the armpits and groin, connected to hair follicle

appocrine sweat glands

Nails, hair, hair follicles, sebaceous (oil) glands,and sweat glands, all deriving from epithelial cells

skin appendages

Body hair of women and children• Fine, less coarse

Vellus Hair

Scalp hair, pubic hair, and axillary hair.• Longer and coarser.• Males, face, chest, arms and legs (under the control of androgens)

Terminal Hair

Consists of adipose and areolar connective tissue (mostly adipose)• Functions for energy storage and insulation

Hypodermis

The most serious form of skin cancer

Melanoma

malignant tumor of the squamous epithelial cells in the epidermis

squamous cell carcinoma

Most common and least severe type of skin cancer; often characterized by light or pearly nodules.

basal cell carcinoma

stratified squamous tissue

what tissues is the epidermis made out of?

loose areolar tissue

what tissues is the papillary dermis made out of?

dense irregular connective tissue

what tissues is the reticular dermis made out of?

adipose tissue

what tissues is the hypodermis made out of?