A First Look at Anatomy Flashcards

Flashcards covering key definitions, historical anatomists, structural organization, body directions, planes, regions, and cavities from Biol 2320.

Who is recognized as the "Father of Medicine" for developing a medical practice based on direct observations and studies of the human body?

Hippocrates

Who was the Greek scientist known as the "Father of Anatomy" who was the first to publicly dissect and compare human and animal bodies?

Herophilus

Which ancient physician, known as the "Prince of Physicians", stated that human organs were constructed in such perfect relation to their function that their form and structure were justified by their destiny?

Galen

Which German anatomist invented plastination, a technology that preserves specimens using reactive polymers for displays such as "Body Worlds"?

Gunther von Hagens

How are the fields of "anatomy" and "physiology" defined and distinguished from one another?

Anatomy is the study of the body's structure, whereas physiology is the study of the function of body structures.

What are the two primary sub-disciplines of microscopic anatomy, and what does each study?

Cytology, which is the study of cells, and histology, which is the study of tissues.

What condition occurs in 1 in 7,000 to 8,000 persons where the major internal organs are transposed or reversed from their normal positions?

Situs inversus

What are the root origins and meanings for the three parts of the sternum: manubrium, gladiolus, and xiphoid?

Manubrium is Latin for handle-shaped projection; Gladiolus is Latin for gladiator's sword; Xiphoid is Greek for sword-shaped.

Which body plane divides the body lengthwise into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions?

Coronal plane (also called frontal plane)

Which anatomical plane divides the body into upper and lower portions and is the plane utilized by CT scans?

Transverse plane (also called horizontal or cross-sectional plane)

In directional terminology, what term describes a point closest to the point of attachment to the trunk or midline?

Proximal

What clinical manifestation around the navel (umbilicus) indicates intra-abdominal bleeding?

Cullen's sign

What is the name of the depressed area on the front of the elbow that is typically used to remove venous blood or inject medications?

Anterior cubital fossa (antecubital fossa)

What is the anatomical name for the region located at the back of the knee?

Popliteal fossa

What sheet of skeletal muscle separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity?

The diaphragm

What is the functional difference between parietal and visceral serous membrane layers?

Parietal layers line the internal surface of the body wall, while visceral layers cover or ensheathe the external surface of organs.

What two-layered serous membrane encloses the heart?

The pericardium (consisting of the parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium/epicardium)

What diagnostic test involves inserting and removing rinse solution from the peritoneal cavity to detect traumatic damage?

Peritoneal lavage

Which area in the gluteus medius muscle serves as a safe site for intramuscular injections to avoid damaging the sciatic nerve?

Ventral gluteal site

Which organs are located within the abdominopelvic cavity but outside the peritoneal cavity?

Kidneys, pancreas, duodenum, ascending colon, descending colon, rectum, and bladder.