Pediatric Nursing - NUR 230 Practice Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering pediatric growth and development, cardiac defects, respiratory disorders, GI, and GU conditions based on the NUR 230 study guide.

Trust vs. Mistrust

The Erikson stage for infants ($0–12m$) focused on consistency and caregiver bonding.

Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt

The Erikson stage for toddlers ($1–3y$) focused on developing independence.

Initiative vs. Guilt

The Erikson stage for preschoolers ($3–6y$) focused on imaginative play.

Industry vs. Inferiority

The Erikson stage for school-age children ($6–12y$) focused on school and peers.

Identity vs. Role Confusion

The Erikson stage for adolescents ($12–18y$) focused on independence and peer interaction.

Sensorimotor

The Piaget stage where infants ($0–12m$) and toddlers ($1–3y$) learn through their senses.

Preoperational

The Piaget stage for toddlers ($1–3y$) and preschoolers ($3–6y$).

Concrete Operational

The Piaget stage for school-age children ($6–12y$) involving logical thought about physical objects.

Formal Operational

The Piaget stage for adolescents ($12–18y$) involving abstract thinking.

Solitary play

A type of play for infants using items like rattles, mirrors, and mobiles.

Parallel play

A type of play for toddlers using items like blocks and push/pull toys.

Associative play

A type of play for preschoolers involving pretend play and dress-up.

Cooperative play

A type of play for school-age children involving rules, sports, and board games.

FLACC

A pain assessment tool used for infants and toddlers.

FACES

A pain assessment tool used for toddlers ($\\geq 2y$), preschoolers, and school-age children.

Numeric scale

A pain assessment tool used for school-age children over the age of $7y$ and adolescents.

Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)

An acyanotic defect with increased pulmonary flow caused by a $L \\rightarrow R$ shunt; symptoms include murmur, fatigue, and respiratory infections.

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

An acyanotic defect where blood shunts from $LV \\rightarrow RV \\rightarrow lungs$; characterized by a loud murmur, poor feeding, and FTT.

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

An acyanotic defect characterized by a machine-like murmur and bounding pulses; treated with Indomethacin to close the ductus.

Coarctation of Aorta

An obstructive defect causing narrowing that increases afterload, resulting in HTN in arms and weak leg pulses.

Pulmonic Stenosis

An obstructive defect where $RV$ pressure increases and lung flow decreases; symptoms include murmur, cyanosis, and exercise intolerance.

Aortic Stenosis

An obstructive defect leading to $LV$ hypertrophy and decreased output; symptoms include chest pain, syncope, and murmur.

Tetralogy of Fallot

A mixed/cyanotic defect characterized by Tet spells, squatting, and clubbing; managed with knee-chest position, $O_2$, and morphine.

Tricuspid Atresia

A mixed/cyanotic defect with severe cyanosis and tachypnea where blood must bypass the $RV$; managed with Prostaglandin E1 to keep the PDA open.

Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA)

A mixed/cyanotic defect where the pulmonary and systemic circuits do not mix; treated with Prostaglandin E1 and balloon septostomy.

Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS)

A mixed/cyanotic defect where the $LV$ cannot pump systemic flow; patients suffer shock when the PDA closes.

Heart Failure

The inability to pump blood effectively; managed with $O_2$, diuretics, digoxin, and cluster care while watching for weight gain.

Rheumatic Heart Disease

Permanent valve damage caused by an untreated strep throat infection.

Kawasaki Disease

Systemic vasculitis of unknown cause; major concerns include coronary aneurysms and myocardial infarction.

Tonsillitis

Inflammation of the tonsils; postoperative care requires watching for frequent swallowing as a sign of bleeding.

Otitis Media

Ear infection caused by Eustachian tube dysfunction; can lead to hearing loss and speech delay.

Epiglottitis

An emergency swelling of the epiglottis caused by H. flu B; symptoms include sudden stridor, drooling, and tripod positioning.

Laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB/Croup)

Viral swelling of the larynx/trachea often treated with cool mist, steroids, and racemic epinephrine.

Asthma

Reversible airway inflammation caused by triggers; major concerns include status asthmaticus and respiratory failure.

Cystic Fibrosis

A genetic condition (CFTR mutation) causing thick secretions; requires chest PT, enzymes, and a high-calorie diet.

RSV/Bronchiolitis

Viral bronchiolar infection; infants must be monitored for apnea, dehydration, and respiratory failure.

Hirschsprung’s

A congenital condition where ganglion cells are absent in the colon, leading to distention and no meconium.

EA/TEF

Esophagus does not connect normally; major concerns include choking, aspiration, and pneumonia.

Pyloric Stenosis

Hypertrophied pylorus characterized by projectile vomiting, dehydration, and metabolic alkalosis.

Intussusception

A condition where the bowel telescopes into itself, causing currant jelly stools, ischemia, and necrosis.

Celiac Disease

An autoimmune gluten intolerance treated with a gluten-free diet to prevent growth failure.

Nephrotic Syndrome

Immune dysfunction causing protein loss in urine, edema, and hypovolemia; treated with steroids and a low-salt diet.

Acute Glomerulonephritis (AGN)

Inflammation of the glomeruli following a strep infection; symptoms include hematuria and HTN.

Enuresis

Bedwetting caused by delayed bladder maturity; can lead to emotional distress and self-esteem issues.