The Concept of Inflammation

Vocabulary flashcards covering the definitions, cardinal signs, stages, risk factors, and diagnostic testing for inflammation.

Inflammation

An adaptive, nonspecific response to injurious agents such as physical, chemical, or microorganisms.

Debridement

The removal of damaged cells, bacteria, and exudate through the process of phagocytosis.

Five Cardinal Signs

The cluster of clinical manifestations including redness, warmth, swelling, pain, and impaired function.

-itis

The suffix used to describe an inflammatory process.

Acute Inflammation

An immediate response of vascular tissues triggered by harmful stimuli.

Chronic Inflammation

An inflammatory response characterized by a persistent agent.

Stage 1: Vascular and cellular responses

The first stage of inflammation involving changes in blood vessels and the movement of cells.

Stage 2: Exudate production

The second stage of inflammation involving the formation of fluid that has escaped from blood vessels.

Stage 3: Reparative phase

The third stage of inflammation where tissue repair begins.

Stage 4: Regeneration/Replacement

The final stage of the inflammatory process which can occur through primary or secondary intention healing.

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

A diagnostic test with normal values of $0-15\,mm/h$ for males and $0-20\,mm/h$ for females used to detect inflammation.

C-reactive protein (CRP)

A diagnostic laboratory test used to determine the individual's inflammatory process status.

Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP)

A laboratory test listed under diagnostic tests for examining the inflammatory process.

Native or Mexican Americans

An ethnic group identified as having an increased risk for gallstones.

African Americans

A group more likely than Caucasians to develop nephritis as a result of lupus.

Peptic ulcer disease

A condition associated with family history as a nonmodifiable risk factor.