Extremity

Where is the bottom of the IR positioned for an AP projection of the ribs (below the diaphragm)?

at the iliac crest

Why is the left lateral chest position the most commonly used for lateral radiographs of the chest?

patient's heart is closer to the IR

"Which projection does not demonstrate free air levels within the abdomen?

AP projection with the patient supine

The spleen is located in what quadrant of the stomach?

LUQ

On the radiograph shown, the letter "A" indicates the:

liver

Lateral projections of the abdomen are typically acquired to demonstrate the:

prevertebral space

Where must the CR be centered for an AP projection with the patient in the supine position of the abdomen if a PA chest is included in the acute abdominal series?

At level of iliac crest

Which term describes an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity of the abdomen?

Ascites

The abdominopelvic cavity is enclosed in a double-walled seromembranous sac called the :

peritoneum

What are the two articulation between the costal ribs and the vertebra?

1. costovertebral

2. costotransverse

3. costochondral

1 and 2

Which SID is recommended for the lateral projection of the sternum for management of magnification?

72 inches

Which projection and body position will demonstrate the sternum through the heart?

PA oblique, RAO

How is the head positioned for a PA projection of both sternoclavicular articulations?

with the midsagittal plane vertical

What is the respiration phase for the PA projection of the upper ribs?

full inspiration

For the AP projection of the femur:

The lower leg is rotated medially 15 degrees

When the lateral knee projection is performed: \n 1.The patient turns onto the affected side \n 2.The knee is flexed 20 to 30 degrees \n 3.The patella must be parallel to the image receptor \n 4.The central ray is directed 5 degrees caudad \n 5.The central ray enters the knee joint inferior to the medial condyle

1, 2, 5

For the medial oblique position of the ankle: \n 1.The leg and foot are rotated medially \n 2.The ankle is adjusted to a 90-degree angle \n 3.The medial rotation is adjusted to 45 degrees to demonstrate the mortise joint \n 4.The medial rotation is adjusted to 15 to 20 degrees to demonstrate the bony structure \n 5.The central ray is directed vertically midway between the malleoli

1, 5

When the AP axial projection is performed for the os calcis:

1. The leg should be fully extended 2.The plantar surface of the foot should be parallel to the cassette 3.The central ray is directed 40 degrees cephalad to the long axis of the foot

2. The central ray enters the foot at the head of the fifth metatarsal

3. A cylinder cone may be used for this projection

1, 3, 5

What is the name of a fracture of the medial and lateral malleoli of the ankle with ankle joint dislocation?

Pott's fracture

For the lateral projection of the scapula:

1. Patient should be upright to reduce pain

2. Patient is positioned obliquely with unaffected scapula centered to the cassette 3.Body is adjusted by palpating axillary and vertebral borders of the scapula so that the scapula is lateral 4.Scapula must be projected free of the rib cage

 

1, 3, 4

For the PA oblique (scapular Y) projection of the shoulder: \n 1.The central ray is directed to the shoulder at a 10-degree cephalad angle \n 2.The anterior surface of the affected shoulder is centered to the cassette \n 3.The patient is rotated so that the midcoronal plane forms a 60-degree angle with the cassette \n 4.The patient continues shallow breathing during exposure

2, 3

For the lateral projection of the humerus: \n 1.The hand should be pronated \n 2.The patient may be upright or supine \n 3.The humeral epicondyles are placed perpendicular to the cassette \n 4.The arm should be slightly adducted \n 5.The central ray is directed perpendicular to the midshaft

 

2, 3, 5

For the AP projection of the elbow:

1. The forearm and humerus should be at right angles

2. The central ray is directed perpendicular to the joint

3. The forearm and humerus should be parallel to the table

4. The hand must be pronated

5. The patient may have to lean laterally to ensure AP alignment

2, 3, 5

For the lateral projection of the forearm:

1. The ulnar surface must be in contact with the image receptor

2. The thumb should be in a relaxed position

3. The humerus and forearm should be in contact with the table 4.The elbow should be flexed 45 degrees 5.The central ray is directed toward the injured joint

1, 3

A patient unable to extend his or her arm is seated at the end of the x-ray table, elbow flexed 90 degrees. The CR is directed 45 degrees medially. Which of the following structures will be demonstrated best?

1. Radial head

2. Capitulum

3. Coronoid process

1 and 2 only

The structure designated as V is the:

Glenoid fossa

The right posterior oblique (RPO) position of the right acetabulum will demonstrate the

anterior rim of the right acetabulum.

Ulnar flexion/ deviation will best demonstrate which carpal(s)?

1. Medial carpals

2. Lateral carpals

3. Scaphoid

2 and 3 only

The innominate bone is located in the

pelvis.

With which of the following does the trapezium articulate?

First metacarpal

For the AP projection of the AC joints:

To properly demonstrate AC separation, separate images must be acquired with equal weights attached to both wrists and without weights

For the PA axial projection of the clavicle, the central ray is angled:

25 to 30 degrees caudad

A lateral projection of the hand in extension is often recommended to evaluate

1. a fracture.

2. a foreign body.

3. soft tissue.

2 only

For an AP projection of the knee on a patient whose measurement from ASIS to tabletop is 21 cm, which CR direction will best demonstrate the knee joint?

0 degrees (perpendicular)

**answer incorrect** \*\* Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the tarsal navicular free of superimposition?

 

AP oblique, medial rotation (NOT the correct answer)

 

AP oblique, lateral rotation (NOT the correct answer)

 

Lateral weight-bearing

 

Mediolateral

In the diagram above, the letter H is located on the:

1st digit

The pisiform is indicated by the letter:

J

Which of the following method demonstrate the carpal canal

Gaynor Hart

The neck of the femur projects anteriorly at an approximate angle of, therefore to get it parallel with the IR, this must be done:

15 to 20 degrees

On the radiograph below, the letter "E" identifies the:

greater trochanter

The area identified by the letter "F" above is the:

pubic symphasis

The portion of the ilium demonstrated by the color labeled "X" above is the:

Ilium

Which of the following is an important and frequently used radiographic positioning reference point?

 

anterior superior iliac spine

If a lateral projection of the femur will include the hip joint, where should the top of the IR be placed?

anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

Which of the following will demonstrate the femoral neck free of superimposition

1. modified cleaves

2. Lauenstein

3. Hickey

1 and 3 only

Which of the following methods will demonstrate the pelvic ring in its entirety?

Bridgeman

Which of the following methods or AP axial projection clearly demonstrates pubic and ischial bones magnified with the pubic bones superimposed over the sacrum and coccyx, symmetric obturator formina, pubis and ishial rami near the center of the radiograph and hip joints

Taylor

Identify the radiographic method used to obtain this image of the pelvis.

Clements-Nakayama

How many degrees should the limb be internally rotated for an AP projection of the femur?

10 degrees only

How far should the IR extend below the knee for a lateral projection of the femur?

2 in

The area identified by the letter "E" on the figure above is the:

lesser trochanter

Which of the following methods is performed with the patient rotated 38 degrees, RAO or LAO with the CR directed 12 degrees cephalic entering body at the inferior level of the coccyx and approximately 2 inches lateral to the midsagittal plane towards the side of interest

Tuefel

The head of the metacarpal is indicated by the letter:

G

The structure identified by the letter "C" in the figure above is the:

coronoid process

Which of the following is the primary projection used to demonstrate anterior or posterior displacement of fractures of the hand or wrist?

\n

lateral

The pathology demonstrated on this image is: \n

Bennett fracture

The aspect of bone identified as 11 in the figure above is the:

radial tuberosity

The Stecher Method, PA Axial projection, is used to better visualize which of the following?

scaphoid

When the wrist is hyperextended for the gaynor-hart method, what is the cr angle?

25-30 degrees

In the diagram above, the hook of the hamate is indicated by the letter:

B