Psychological Assessment Midterm Exam Reviewer

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Psychometrics

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The field of study concerned with the theory and technique of psychological measurement, which includes the measurement of knowledge, abilities, attitudes, and personality traits.

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Francis Galton

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Known as the Father of Psychometrics, he established the testing movement and aimed to determine behavioral differences based on stimuli.

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84 Terms

1

Psychometrics

The field of study concerned with the theory and technique of psychological measurement, which includes the measurement of knowledge, abilities, attitudes, and personality traits.

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2

Francis Galton

Known as the Father of Psychometrics, he established the testing movement and aimed to determine behavioral differences based on stimuli.

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3

Army Alpha

An intelligence test administered to literate individuals during World War I.

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4

Army Beta

A non-verbal intelligence test administered to illiterate individuals during World War I.

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5

Hermann Rorschach

Swiss psychiatrist who developed the Rorschach Inkblot Test to measure personality.

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6

Woodworth Personal Data Sheet

The first personality test created by Robert S. Woodworth, also known as the Woodworth Psychoneurotic Inventory.

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7

Trait vs. State

Traits are long-lasting characteristics; states are temporary conditions that depend on present circumstances.

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8

Assessments

A broader process that involves evaluating and arriving at conclusions about an individual based on more than just test scores.

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9

Measurement

The process of quantifying occurrences of certain traits or behaviors.

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10

Validity

The extent to which a test measures what it purports to measure.

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11

Reliability

The consistency of a test's results over time and across different contexts.

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12

Test Development

An umbrella term that encompasses all processes involved in creating a psychological test.

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13

Power Test

A type of ability test designed to measure the depth of understanding or skill, regardless of time constraints.

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14

Speed Test

A type of ability test where the focus is on the number of items completed in a given time frame.

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15

Descriptive Statistics

A set of statistical techniques for summarizing and describing the features of a dataset.

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16

Inferential Statistics

Methods for making predictions or inferences about a population based on a sample.

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17

Hypothesis Testing

A statistical method to evaluate a hypothesis about a population using sample data.

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18

Null Hypothesis

The hypothesis that there is no significant difference or relationship between the variables being studied.

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19

Alternative Hypothesis

The hypothesis that suggests there is a significant difference or relationship between the variables.

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20

ANOVA

Analysis of Variance, a statistical method used to compare means among three or more groups.

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21

Pearson Correlation Coefficient

A measure of the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two continuous variables.

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22

Skewness

The measure of the asymmetry of the probability distribution of a real-valued random variable.

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23

Kurtosis

A statistical measure that describes the distribution of data points in the tails, particularly the peak or flatness.

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24

Item Analysis

A statistical procedure used to evaluate the effectiveness of test items and their contribution to the overall test score.

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25

Test Scores

The results obtained from psychological testing, providing a quantifiable measurement of abilities or traits.

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26

Cumulative Scoring

A method where higher scores indicate higher levels of ability measured by the test.

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27

Ipsative Scoring

A method that compares a test taker's scores on different scales within the same test.

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28

Quantitative vs. Qualitative Measurement

Quantitative refers to measurable numerical data; qualitative describes non-numerical characteristics or qualities.

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29

Dynamic Psychological Assessment

An assessment approach that includes evaluation, intervention, and reevaluation to gauge effectiveness.

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30

Collaborative Psychological Assessment

An assessment method where the client and assessor work together to arrive at a diagnosis.

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31

Test Construction

The stage of creating a test that includes item writing, formatting, and establishing scoring rules.

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Item Pool

A collection of potential test items from which final test items are selected.

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Statistical Index

A numerical value that indicates the presence, strength, or direction of a relationship between variables.

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34

Portfolio Assessment

An evaluative method that involves analyzing a collection of work samples from individuals.

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35

Behavioral Observation

A technique for assessing behavior by systematically observing subjects in specific contexts.

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36

Therapeutic Psychological Assessment

An assessment process that is therapeutic for the client during the evaluation.

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37

Case History Data

Information collected about an individual's past behaviors and circumstances relevant to assessment.

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38

Projective Tests

Tests that use ambiguous stimuli to elicit responses that reveal the subject's personality or unconscious desires.

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39

Error Variance

The amount of error in test score variability that can distort the assessment of true ability.

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40

Nomothetic vs. Idiographic

Nomothetic focuses on general laws and comparisons across groups; idiographic emphasizes individual uniqueness.

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41

Rating Scale

A scale used for quantifying subjective measures of traits, attitudes, or opinions.

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42

Maximum Performance Tests

Tests designed to assess the maximum capabilities of an individual.

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43

Typical Performance Tests

Tests designed to assess how individuals typically behave or perform in regular situations.

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44

Behavioral Measures

Assessment tools that directly observe and quantify observable behaviors.

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45

Standardization Sample

The group of individuals on which test scores are based, providing a basis for comparison.

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46

Content Validity

The degree to which test items reflect the content area being measured.

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47

Criterion Validity

The extent to which a test is predictive of performance on a related measure.

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48

Test-Retest Reliability

The consistency of test scores when the same test is administered to the same subjects at different times.

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49

Scoring Rubric

A guide used to assess or grade responses, typically outlining criteria and performance levels.

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50

Item Difficulty Index

A statistical measure indicating the proportion of test takers who correctly answer a specific item.

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51

Construct Validity

The degree to which a test accurately measures the theoretical construct it is designed to assess.

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52

Test Norms

Standards that are used to interpret test scores based on the performance of a defined group.

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53

Measurement Error

The difference between the actual score and the observed score due to various factors affecting performance.

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54

Alpha Level

The threshold for determining statistical significance in hypothesis testing, often set at 0.05.

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55

Peer-Reviewed Research

Scholarly research published in academic journals that has undergone evaluation by others in the field.

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56

Qualitative Data

Non-numerical data that provide insights into characteristics and meanings.

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Quantitative Data

Numerical data that can be measured and analyzed statistically.

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58

Assessment Tools

Instruments and methods used to collect data about individuals for evaluation.

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59

Clinical Assessment

A systematic method for evaluating an individual’s mental health and psychological functioning.

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60

Surveys

Structured questionnaires used to gather information from participants about their experiences or attitudes.

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Feedback in Assessment

The information given to test takers regarding their performance, often used for improvement.

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Ethical Principles in Assessment

Guidelines ensuring fairness, confidentiality, and integrity in psychological testing and evaluation.

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63

Item Reliability Index

An estimate of the consistency of a test item in relation to the overall test score.

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64

Behavioral Assessment

A comprehensive evaluation of an individual’s behavior by direct observation.

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65

Self-report Measures

Tools that rely on individuals to provide information about their own thoughts, feelings, or behaviors.

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66

Test Administration

The process of delivering a psychological test to a participant according to established guidelines.

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67

Diagnostic Tests

Assessments designed to identify specific disorders or conditions based on criteria.

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68

Feedback Loop in Testing

A process where results inform the next steps in assessment, aiding continual improvement.

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69

Clinical Interview

A structured or semi-structured conversation to gather comprehensive information about an individual.

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70

Cross-validation

Re-validation of a test with different samples to ensure reliability and generalizability.

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71

Norm-Referenced Testing

Tests designed to compare an individual's performance to a group norm.

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72

Criterion-Referenced Testing

Tests designed to measure performance against a fixed set of predetermined criteria.

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73

Item Discrimination Index

A measure of how well a test item differentiates between high and low scorers.

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74

Longitudinal Study

Research that follows subjects over time to observe changes and developments.

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75

Binet Intelligence Test

The first practical intelligence test, developed to identify students needing assistance in school.

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76

Group Testing

The administration of assessments to multiple individuals simultaneously.

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Individual Testing

Assessments carried out on a one-on-one basis between the examiner and the participant.

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78

Ethical Considerations in Testing

Responsibility to ensure fairness, validity, and respect for test takers during assessment.

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79

Cognitive Assessments

Tests designed to measure intellectual functioning and cognitive abilities.

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80

Performance Assessments

Methods that require individuals to demonstrate their skills or knowledge in practical scenarios.

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81

Behavioral Rating Scales

Tools used by observers to evaluate an individual's behavior using standardized criteria.

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82

Item Quality Analysis

The review of test items to ensure they measure accurately and are free from bias.

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83

Statistical Tests

Mathematical methods applied to analyze and interpret data from assessments.

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84

Test Validity

The extent to which a test accurately measures what it intends to measure, ensuring meaningful results.

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