Chadwick's final: historical dates

1800 c

MBII city wall and gihon tower of jerusalem built; time of Melchizedek and abraham

1700 c

Hyksos capital of Zoan (tanis) in Egypt delta; period of Joseph as prime minister of egypt

1550

Hyksos defeated in delta; ahmose reinstalls native egyptian rule over all Egypt

1468

tutmose III at battle of Megiddo; Egypt retakes northern canaan

1269

ramses II treaty with Hittites

1270

Moses and the exodus

1220

merneptah/Israel stele; attack on Canaan (1230 Joshua and Israel had entered Canaan)

1000 c

Iron Age II begins, first temple period; David becomes king of Israel, takes jerusalem

961

Solomon made king, institutes central government; temple of Solomon built ca. 950

922

death of Solomon, division of united Israel into 2 kingdoms

918

attack of shoshenq (shishak) on Israel-NK (jeroboam) and Judah-SK (rehoboam)

853

battle of qarqar in syria (shalmaneser III vs ahab, Jehoshaphat, et al); time of elijah

750 c

the earthquake (mentioned in Amos 1) which measured about magnitude 8

732

1st northern deportation of Israel (by assyrians, emperor tiglath pileser III)

722

2nd northern deportation, reduced Israel (by assyrians, emperor Sargon II)

701

attack on Judah, deportation of Judah, Jerusalem spared (by Sennacherib)

640

young king Josiah begins to reign in Judah (reform and OT books ca. 620)

609

death of Josiah in battle at Megiddo (time of Jeremiah; lehi departs ca. 605)

586

Judah, jerusalem, and Solomon's temple destroyed by Babylon (Nebuchadnezzar)

537

Cyrus' decree, jewish return to Zion (jerusalem - second temple period)

520

second temple completed; temple of zerubbabel (other source say 515)

444

nehemiah comes to jerusalem as governor of Judah, rebuilds walls of city of david

430

latest book of hebrew bible - Malachi

332

Alexander the Great visits jerusalem and takes control of Judea (died in 323)

270 c

translation of Hebrew bible into greek (septuagint); Judah controlled by ptolemies

198

battle of paneas (banias, Caesarea Philippi); Antiochus III and Seleucids of syria

167

Hasmonean revolt against Seleucid syria (king Antiochus IV) led by Judah maccabee

164

Hanukkah - dedication of temple of zerubbabel by hasmoneans

63

romans invade Judea (Pompey), end Hasmonean monarchy's independence

38

Herod the great made client king by Rome over Judea and all the land of israel

31

battle of Actium, victory for Octavian (Augustus), death of Anthony and cleopatra

20

temple of Herod built (second temple #2) after the dismantling of Zerubbabel's

4

death of herod the great at Jericho, burial at herodion (Jesus born in late 5 BC)

6 AD

herod archelaus deposed in Judea, roman governors appointed over judea

10 AD

Hillel and shammy were prominent pharisees (Hillel taught from 30 BC to 10 AD)

26 AD

pontius pilate begins his administration (Jesus 2 year ministry = 28-30 AD)

66 AD

outbreak of first revolt in Judea and Galilee - 5 year war with Rome (Vespasian)

70 AD

jerusalem and the temple of Herod destroyed by Roman legions (led by Titus)

73 AD

fall of Masada (Flavius silva); over 1.1 million jews killed by Rome in 5 year war

135 AD

Judea renamed Palestine by Hadrian after second revolt (bar kokkba), jews banished from judea

200 AD

compilation of the mishna (pharisee traditions) at sepphoris (jews centered in Galilee)

324 AD

Constantine takes the east, unifies Roman (byzantine) empire (council of nicea 325)

500 AD

compilation of the 2 gemaras at tiberias and at Babylon (talmud) (t = g+m)

638 AD

islamic conquest of Palestine and jerusalem by Omar (2nd caliph)

1099 AD

crusaders conquer jerusalem, establish latin kingdom of Jerusalem (1st crusade)

1187 AD

salah ed-din defeats crusaders at horns of hattie, then retakes jerusalem

1192 AD

Richard the lion heart's third crusade, based in accordance with, fails to retake jerusalem

Early Bronze Age

3200-2000 BC

Middle Bronze Age IIA

2000-1800 BC

Middle Bronze Age IIB-C

1800-1550 BC

Late Bronze Age

1550-1200 BC

Iron Age I

1200-1000 BC

Iron Age IIA

1000-800 BC

Iron Age IIB

800-701 BC

Iron Age IIC

700-586 BC

Persian Period

539-332 BC

Hellenistic Period

332-164 BC

Hasmonean Period

164-63 BC

Roman Period I (early)

63 BC - 70 AD

Herodian Period

38 BC - 70 AD

Roman Period II (late)

70-324 AD

Byzantine Period

324-638 AD

Early Islamic Period

638-1099 AD

Crusader Period

1099-1187 AD

Third Crusade

until 1260 AD

Mamluke Period

1200-1517 AD

Ottoman Period

1517-1917 AD

British Mandate

1917-1948

State of Israel

1948-present

1353

Pharaoh Akhenaten - el amarna letters

1177

Pharaoh Rameses III repels Sea Peoples

301

ptolemies control Egypt