BIOL 319 - Spring 2025 Exam Review

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to the biology topics from Exam III for BIOL 319.

Vasoconstrictor

A substance that narrows blood vessels, increasing blood pressure.

Epinephrine

A hormone and neurotransmitter involved in the body's fight-or-flight response, also known as adrenaline.

p53 gene

A gene that is a key regulator of the cell cycle and can lead to cancer when mutated.

Thoracic duct

The largest lymphatic duct that drains lymph into the bloodstream.

Sarcos

A Greek root meaning 'flesh'.

Myo

A prefix meaning 'muscle'.

Stratum corneum

The outermost layer of the epidermis, consisting of dead cells.

Glutathione Peroxidase

An enzyme that reduces hydrogen peroxide and protects cells from oxidative damage.

Prostaglandins

A group of bioactive lipids that have diverse hormone-like effects.

Creatine kinase

An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group to ADP to regenerate ATP.

Histone Deacetylases

Enzymes that remove acetyl groups from histones, affecting gene expression.

Osteoarthritis

A degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of cartilage.

Interferons

Proteins that are part of the immune response and can upregulate gene activity.

Cori Cycle

A metabolic pathway that converts lactate back into glucose.

Type 2B skeletal muscle fibers

Fast-twitch muscle fibers suited for explosive strength and speed.

Immunoglobulin (Ig)

Antibodies produced by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects.