Present simple and present continuous recap

What is the present simple used for?

To talk about routines/habits, facts/general truths, likes/dislikes, permanent situations, and schedules.

How do we form the present simple?

We use the base form of the verb for every personal pronoun except the 3rd person singular (she/he/it). 

ex.: I study italian.

What happens when we talk about the 3rd person singular (she/he/it)?

We add -s or -es.

ex.: Raul likes to cook. Denisa misses Raul's cooking.

What happens when a verb ends in the letter y? 

consonant + y -> ies (try -> tries).

vowel + y -> ys (enjoy -> enjoys)

When happens when a verb ends in -ch, -sh, -ss, -x, -o? 

We add -es. (teach → teaches; finish → finishes; kiss → kisses; relax → relaxes; go → goes, do → does) 

How do we form a negative and an interrogative sentence using present simple?

Negative:

• I/You/We/They + do not (don’t) + verb.

• He/She/It + does not (doesn’t) + verb.

Interrogative (question):

• Do + I/You/We/They + verb.

• Does + He/She/It + verb.

What is the present continuous used for?

To talk about actions happening right now or temporary situations.

ex.: I am talking to you right now. She is working on a new project. 

How do we form the present continuous?

Subject + am/is/are + verb + -ing.

ex.: I am eating. She is reading. They are playing.

How do we form a negative and an interrogative sentence using present continuous?

Negative:

• I + am not + verb-ing

• You/We/They + are not (aren’t) + verb-ing

• He/She/It + is not (isn’t) + verb-ing

Interrogative (question):

• Am + I + verb-ing?

• Are + You/We/They + verb-ing?

• Is + He/She/It + verb-ing?

Stative verbs

They describe states, thoughts, emotions, or possession, not active actions.

Ex.: to seem, to be, to know, to understand, to see, to like, to own

!!! they almost always use present simple even if the mean right now

ex.: He lives in Paris now. 

I know the answer. → I know it now but the verb describes a state, not an action)  

Some words that indicate Present Simple:

Always – never

Usually – rarely/seldom

Often – sometimes

Regularly/ generally

Every day, morning, etc.

On Mondays, Fridays, etc. 

Some words that indicate Present Continuous:

Now/ right now

At the moment

Currently

Today (Today I am going to school. VS Everyday I go to school.) 

These days 

This week / this month / this year

Now, let’s do some exercises!