GEOL 302 | Geologic History of Central Appalachian Mountains

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Last updated 8:33 PM on 4/8/26
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17 Terms

1
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What are the three orogenies?

  1. Taconic

  2. Acadian

  3. Alleghanian


2
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What is an orogeny?

mountain building event

3
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(1) What occurred during the Proterozoic (Before Cambrian)?

Rifting of Rodinia

  • rifting of crystalline basement

  • Grenville orogeny - assembly of Rodinia

  • NA part left of Rodinia was called Laurentia


4
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(2) What happened during the Cambrian - Early Ordovician?

Eastern Laurentia = Passive Margin

  • warm, shallow marine environment here → carbonate deposits

    • deposit area later becomes GREAT VALLEY


5
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(3) What happens during the Later Ordovician - Silurian?

TACONIC OROGENY

Eastern Laurentia = Active Margin

  • begins subducting under Gondwanan plate

  • Taconic Island Arc (TIA) - caused by hydrous melting in the mentle

  • TACONIC OROGENY - TIA collides w/ Laurentia → foreland basin produces downwarping and packets of sediment

  • some TIA left on Laurentia plate to make Piedmont


6
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(4) What happened during the Middle Devonian - Middle Mississippian?

ACADIAN OROGENY

  • Avalonia (micro-continent) collides w/ Laurentia → new foreland basin & sedimentary packets ON INLAND SIDE

  • some of Avalonia is sutured onto TIA & Laurentia


7
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(5) What happened during the Pennsylvanian - Permian?

ALLEGHANIAN OROGENY

  • Gondwana collides w/ Laurentia

    • continental v. continental

  • Twice as long as Taconic & Acadian Orogenies

  • Intense mountain building & formation of plateau

  • This orogeny COMPLETED assembly of Pangea

  • intense collision produced plateau & thrust faults


8
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(6) What happened to Modern Day After Breakup?

  • intense thrust faulting

  • Appalachian mtns => SEVERELY ERODED


9
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<p>What is missing from this figure?</p>

What is missing from this figure?

Appalachian Plateaus

10
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<p>What is missing from this figure?</p>

What is missing from this figure?

Appalachian Front

11
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<p>What is missing from this figure?</p>

What is missing from this figure?

Valley & Ridge

12
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<p>What is missing from this figure?</p>

What is missing from this figure?

North American Thrust

13
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<p>What is missing from this figure?</p>

What is missing from this figure?

Blue Ridge

14
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<p>What is missing from this figure?</p>

What is missing from this figure?

Piedmont

15
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<p>What is missing from this figure?</p>

What is missing from this figure?

Coastal Plain

16
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What is exposed of particular interest in the Blue Ridge?

crystalline basement

17
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Expand on the Piedmont.

mostly sutured igeneous terrain from TIA and Avalonia - Africa material below coastal plain