Anti Seizure

Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs)

Medications used to treat epilepsy and reduce the frequency and severity of seizures.

Phenytoin

An older antiepileptic drug commonly used for focal and generalized seizures, known for its side effects like gingival hyperplasia.

Valproate

A broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug used to treat both focal and generalized seizures, with multiple mechanisms of action.

Levetiracetam

An antiepileptic drug whose mechanism is linked to the binding of synaptic vesicle protein 2A, used as adjunctive therapy.

Contraindications

Specific situations or conditions in which a drug should not be used due to potential harm.

Adverse effects

Unwanted side effects or reactions that occur in response to a medication.

Broad-spectrum AEDs

Antiepileptic drugs effective against a wide variety of seizure types.

Narrow-spectrum AEDs

Antiepileptic drugs primarily focused on treating focal or partial seizures.

Monotherapy

Using a single medication to treat a condition, in this case, seizures.

Stevens-Johnson syndrome

A serious and potentially fatal skin reaction that can occur as an adverse effect of some antiepileptic drugs.

Drug-drug interactions

Situations where one drug affects the activity of another drug, commonly seen with older antiepileptic drugs.

Suicide warning

A caution required by the FDA for all antiepileptic drugs due to the risk of suicidality.

Therapeutic monitoring

Regular checking of medication levels in the blood to ensure they are within a safe and effective range.

Patient autonomy

The right of patients to make informed choices about their medical treatment.

NOCTURNAL SEIZURES

Seizures that occur during sleep, which may increase the risk of seizure recurrence.

GABA

Gamma-aminobutyric acid, a neurotransmitter that can be enhanced by some antiepileptic drugs to exert inhibitory effects.

Neurocognitive problems

Cognitive dysfunction or deficits that can occur as side effects of antiepileptic medications.

CYP system

Cytochrome P450 system; a group of enzymes involved in drug metabolism, often affected by antiepileptic drugs.

Infantile spasms

A type of seizure that can occur in infants, often treated with vigabatrin as adjunctive therapy.