Inter-War Period Vocab

League of Nations

• The first worldwide intergovernmental organization whose principal mission was to maintain world peace.

• Wanted collective security and prevent wars

• Part of Wilson’s 14 points

Mandates

A country/colony controlled by another country

Nationalism

A feeling of pride and belonging towards one's nation.

Zionism

Originally: a movement for the re-establishment of a Jewish nation

Now: an ideology for the development and protection of Israel.

The Middle East

The area around the Eastern Mediterranean, especially Israel and the Arab countries from Turkey to North Africa and eastwards to Iran

Palistinian

a native or inhabitant of Palestine, or a person of Palestinian descent

Jew

a member of the people and cultural community whose traditional religion is Judaism and who trace their origins through the ancient Hebrew people of Israel to Abraham

Hamas

Hamas is a military organization governing the Gaza Strip of the Israeli-occupied Palestinian territories. It’s a militant Palestinian nationalist and Islamist movement dedicated to the establishment of an independent Islamic state in historical Palestine.

Israel

Israel, a Middle Eastern country on the Mediterranean Sea, is regarded by Jews, Christians and Muslims as the biblical Holy Land. 

Occupied Territories

In international law, a territory is considered “occupied” when it is actually placed under the authority of a hostile army.

Satyagraha

the force which is born of truth and love or non-violence and give up the use of “passive-aggressive”

Amritsar Massacre

Massacre of Amritsar

• April 13, 1919

• British troops fired on a large crowd of unarmed Indians in an open space known as the Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar

• Brits killed several hundred people and wounded many hundreds more

• Left a permanent scar on Indo-British relations

• Caused Gandhi’s full commitment to the cause of Indian nationalism and independence from Britain.

Terrorism

the unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political aims.

Authoritarianism

a political system characterized by a controlling government and the rejection of democracy, human rights, and political plurality.

Tyranny

cruel and oppressive government or rule

Dictatorship

A dictatorship is an autocratic form of government which is characterized by a leader, or a group of leaders, who hold governmental powers with few to no limitations.

Totalitarianism dictatorship

Totalitarianism is a form of government and a political system

1. Prohibits all opposition parties

2. Outlaws individual and group opposition to the state and its claims

3. Exercises an extremely high if not complete degree of control and regulation over public and private life.

Despot

a ruler or other person who holds absolute power, typically one who exercises it in a cruel or oppressive way

Fascism

• A far-right, authoritarian, ultra-nationalist political ideology and movement

• Characterized by a:

  • dictatorial leader

  • centralized autocracy

  • militarism

  • forcible suppression of opposition

Self-determination

the process by which a country determines its own statehood and forms its own allegiances and government

the Great Depression

A period of economic depression that affected most countries around the world

Laissez-Faire

“leave done”

an economic and political policy that means the minimum of interference by the government in trade and industry

Autarky

Economic self-sufficiency

Deficit Spending

when government spending exceeds its revenue

The Jim Crow Laws

State and local laws introduced in the Southern United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that enforced racial segregation

The New Deal

The New Deal was a series of programs, public work projects, financial reforms, and regulations enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt

the alphabet agencies

The alphabet agencies were the U.S. federal government agencies created as part of the New Deal of FDR. The earliest agencies were created to combat the Great Depression in the US

Sharecroppers

a tenant farmer who gives a part of each crop as rent.

Arbitration

When a judge decided the civil dispute outside the judiciary system

Collective security

system by which states have attempted to prevent or stop wars by working together

Demagogue

a political leader who seeks support by appealing to the desires and prejudices of ordinary people rather than by using logic

Gandhi

Mohandas Gandhi was an Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist and political ethicist

1. used satyagraha

2. leader of indian independance movement

3. He inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world.

Lord Balfour

Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1902 to 1905.

• Known for the Balfour Declaration which promised to establish a national home for Jewish people

FDR

Franklin Delano Roosevelt served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945.

• Known for New Deal

• Alphabet agencies

• Great Depression

John Maynard Keynes

An English economist known for his radical economic theories that got the US out of the Depression.

Adam Smith

A Scottish economist known as the father of modern economics. His book "The Wealth of Nations," published in 1776, laid the foundation for classical economics. It advocated for concepts like free markets, division of labor, and the invisible hand theory.

bAsically he just really liked capitalism

Mustafa Kemal

Freounding father of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first president from 1923 until his death in 1938

Reza Khan (Reza Shah)

The first shah of the Imperial State of Iran. He took over from Europe then renamed Persia to Iran.

Benito Mussolini

Aka Il Duce, the Italian dictator who founded and led the National Fascist Party.

Ku Klux Klan

A white supremacist, far-right terrorist organization and hate group