3-4 McCarthy Era (H US HISTORY 10)

Senator Joseph McCarthy

2 term republican senator from Wisconsin; one of the biggest anti-communists in US Government; he spearheaded a campaign against alleged communists in the government during the early Cold War period, leading to a nationwide panic known as McCarthyism.

Bill Benton

Another senator at the time; introduced a bill to toss McCarthy out of the Senate.

Army Signal Intelligence Service

Known as the NSA today; information released in 1995

Venona Files

349 identified suspects; Venona Files name them.

Harry White

2nd most powerful in the Treasury Department; one of the most influential in the government; told the KGB how to oppose US diplomatic strategy.

KGB

Soviet CIA

Lauchlin Curry

Trusted personal assistant to FDR; warned KGB of FBI Investigation on Gregory Silvermaster.

Gregory Silvermaster

Head of highly effective Soviet spy ring; warning allowed him to escape detection and start again somewhere else.

Maurice Halperin

Head of research section in what is now known as the CIA; 100s of pages sent to KGB.

William Perl

Government aeronomical scientist that provided Soviets with results to secret US tests regarding jet engines and jet aircraft.

Palestine Civil War

Israel against Arab states; Israel wins; war starts up again in Arab coalition against Israel, but Israel wins; US has to step in to stop the conflict.

Iran

A country in the Middle East that was involved in significant geopolitical tensions during the Cold War, notably the 1953 CIA-backed coup that restored the Shah.

Suez Crisis

A 1956 conflict involving Egypt's nationalization of the Suez Canal, leading to military intervention by Israel, the UK, and France. Increased diplomatic relations with the Arab countries (between them and US / West).

Eisenhower Doctrine

A US policy established in 1957 that aimed to provide economic and military assistance to Middle Eastern countries resisting communism, particularly to counter Soviet influence.

Rio Pact

A mutual defense treaty signed in 1947 among multiple Latin American countries and the United States, aimed at collective security against potential threats in the region.

Organization of American States

A regional organization founded in 1948 to promote political, economic, and social cooperation among its member states in the Americas, enhancing regional security and democracy.

Guetemala

A Central American country where the U.S. intervened in 1954 to overthrow a democratically elected government, fearing communist influence.

United Fruit Company

An American multinational company that was instrumental in the development of the banana industry in Central America and significantly influenced the region's political landscape, particularly in Guatemala.

Arms Race (US —- Soviets)

A competition between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War to amass powerful weapons and military capabilities, significantly impacting international relations and defense policies.

Deterrence

A military strategy aimed at preventing aggression by showcasing the ability to respond with overwhelming force, particularly during the Cold War era.

Brinksmanship

A foreign policy strategy of pushing dangerous events to the brink of disaster in order to achieve favorable outcomes, especially used during the Cold War by leaders like John Foster Dulles.

ICBM

Intercontinental Ballistic Missile, a long-range missile capable of delivering nuclear warheads across great distances, developed during the Cold War. Soviets ahead with rocket technology, US has to catch up in missile development.

Sputnik

First artificial satellite to orbit the earth; Soviet technology.

National Aeronautics & Space Administration

Also known as NASA; oversees American space program so we can compete with Soviets

Explorer I

First AMERICAN artificial satellite to orbit the earth

U-2 Incident

Soviet missile shot down American U-2 spy plane; many theories to what actually happened; created doubts in Americans minds

(Francis) Gary Powers

Pilot of U-2 spy plane that was shot down; how did he survive?

Rudolph Ivanovich Abel

Soviet spy traded back to Soviet Union for (Francis) Gary Powers; involved in spy trade