Chem 5-7

Compound

A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds

for main group metals in Lewis structure

number of dots is the number of electrons lost

for nonmetals in the second period in lewis structure

number of unpaired dots are the number of bonds an atom can form

ionic bonding

The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

ionic

metal and nonmetal (pos and neg)

"bond'

electrostatic

chemical formula (ionic)

denotes the constituent elements and the ratio they combine in

lattice

A three-dimensional array of oppositely-charged ions

lattice energy

the amount of energy required to convert a mole of ionic solid to its constituent ions in the gas phase

formation of ionic bonds..

releases a large amount of energy

magnitude of lattice energy

a measure of an ionic compound's stability

lattice energy depends on

magnitude of charge and on the distance between them

melting point is associated with

lattice

monatomic cation is named by

adding ion (K is potassium ion)

monatomic anion are named by

changing end to -ide (Cl- is Chloride)

Fe^2+

Iron (II) Ferrous

Fe^3+ (Iron III)

Iron (III) Ferric

Mn^2+

Manganese (II)

Aluminum

Al3+

Barium

Ba2+

Cadium

Cd2+

Cesium

Cs +1

Chromium (III)

Cr3+

Colbalt (II)

Co2+

Copper (I)

Cu+ Cuprous

Copper (II)

Cupric, Cu2+

Iron (II)

Ferrous (Fe 2+)

Iron (III)

ferric Fe 3+

Lead (II)

Plumbous Pb 2+

Lithium

Li +1

Magnesium

Mg2+

Manganese

Mn 2+

Mercury (II)

Hg 2+

Strontium

Sr2+

tin(II)

Sn2+

zinc

Zn2+

Nitride

N 3-

Oxide

O 2-

Sulfide

S 2-

ionic compounds are

electrically neutral

naming ionic compounds

The name of the metal comes first (use roman numerals if more than one charge), followed by the name of the nonmetal, changing the nonmetal's ending to "ide".

covalent bond

A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule

Lewis theory of bonding

when compounds form between elements with similar properties, electrons are not transferred from one element to another but instead are shared in order to give each atom a noble gas configuration

ionic compounds do not

consist of molecules

Dalton: the law of definite proportions

different samples of a given compound always contain the same elements in the same ratio: molecules have a fixed ratios

if element forms 2+ different compounds

ratio of masses of one element that can combine with a fixed mass of the other element can be expressed in small whole numbers (law of multiple proportions)

diatomic molecule

A molecule consisting of two atoms (heteronuclear or homonuclear)

heteronuclear

greater amount

polyatomic ion

an ion made of two or more atoms

chemical formula

denotes the composition of the substance

molecular formula

exact number of atoms of each element in a molecule

Allotropes

different molecular structures of the same element

structural

not only elemental composition but also arrangements

empirical formula

whole number ratios of elements - simplest formula

binary molecular compounds

substances that consist of just two different elements

nomenclature

name first element, then name second changing ending to -ide

tetra-

four

penta-

5

hexa-

six

hepta-

7

octa-

8

nona-

9

deca

10

B2H6

Diborane

SiH4

Silane

NH3

ammonia

PH3

phosphine

H2S

hydrogen sulfide

acid

a substance that produces hydrogen ions in a water solution

Naming Acids s

remove -gen from hydrogen, change -ide to -ic for second element

Ammonium

NH4+

Hydronium

H3O+

Mercury (I), mercurous

Hg2 2+

Acetate

C2H3O2-

Azide

N3-

Carbonate

CO3 2-

Chlorate

ClO3-

Chlorite

ClO2-

Chromate

CrO4 2-

Cyanide

CN-

Dichromate

Cr2O7 2-

dihydrogen phosphate

H2PO4-

hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate)

HCO3-

Hydrogen Phosphate

HPO4 2-

hydrogen sulfate (bisulfate)

HSO4-

Thiocyanate

SCN-

Hydroxide

OH-

Hypochlorite

ClO-

Nitrate

NO3-

Nitrite

NO2-

Oxalate

C2O4 2-

Perchlorate

ClO4-

Permanganate

MnO4-

Peroxide

O2 2-

Phosphate

PO4 3-

Phosphite

PO3 3-

Sulfate

SO4 2-

Sulfite

SO3 2-

Oxoanions/Oxyanions

polyatomic anions that contain more than one or more oxygen atoms and one atom (central atom) of another element

when oxyanions are dissolved in water

produces hydrogen ions and corresponding oxyanions