PSYB70 Lecture 1 – Course Intro, Psychological Research & Ethics

Fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering key concepts from the first PSYB70 lecture, including scientific research principles, WEIRD sampling, replication issues, types of research, Canadian and Belmont ethics frameworks, ethical principles, consent, deception, risk, and modern safeguards such as pre-registration and open science.

Psychology is the scientific study of the _, brain, and behavior.

mind

Science is the systematic gathering of _ to inform understanding.

evidence

Most psychological research is conducted with _ populations (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic).

WEIRD

The over-reliance on undergraduate students threatens a study’s _ validity.

external

The widespread inability to reproduce findings in psychology is called the _ crisis.

replication

Preferring positive results for publication creates _ bias.

publication

Researchers who plan, conduct, and publish studies are called _ of research.

producers

Research that seeks immediate practical solutions is called _ research.

applied

Research aimed at converting basic findings into applications is _ research.

translational

Purely theory-driven investigation with no direct application planned is _ research.

basic

In Canada, research ethics are guided by the _ (acronym TCPS 2).

Tri-Council Policy Statement

Research Ethics Boards (REBs) review and monitor research involving _ participants.

human

The 1979 document outlining ethical principles in the U.S. is the _ Report.

Belmont

The Belmont principle that stresses maximizing benefits and reducing harm is _ for welfare (beneficence).

concern

Respect for _ requires autonomy and informed consent.

persons

The Belmont principle focused on fair distribution of benefits and burdens is _.

justice

Protecting personal information addresses the ethical value of _.

privacy

Falsifying data or plagiarizing violates the ethical value of _.

integrity

Researchers’ duty to follow societal rules and laws reflects the value of _.

responsibility

Research posing no greater risk than daily life is classified as _ risk.

minimal

Deliberately leaving out study details to participants is deception through _.

omission

Actively misleading participants about the study purpose is deception through _.

commission

Analysis of publicly accessible de-identified data may be _ from informed consent.

exempt

Compelling participation via threats is called _.

coercion

Offering excessive rewards that compromise voluntariness is known as _ influence.

undue

Hypothesizing After the Results are Known is abbreviated _.

HARKing

Publicly registering methods and hypotheses in advance is called _.

pre-registration

Making materials, data, and publications freely available embodies _ science principles.

open

The anonymous, double-masked evaluation of manuscripts is the _ review process.

peer

The official style guide for psychology writing is the _ Publication Manual (7th ed.).

APA

A study that collects identifying data and later deletes it is described as _.

confidential

Data that were never linked to participant identities are considered _.

anonymous

The ethical safeguard ensuring participants can stop at any time reflects _ consent.

ongoing

Research benefits society by enhancing our understanding, but because it explores the _ it carries risk.

unknown

According to TCPS 2, researchers have an obligation to design studies that _ unnecessary risk.

avoid