kines ROM shoulder

shoulder flexion normal ROM

Normal ROM: 0-180

shoulder flexion axis

the lateral aspect of the humeral head

shoulder flexion stationary arm

parallel to the lateral midline of trunk

shoulder flexion moveable arm

parallel to longitudinal axis of the humerus

shoulder extension normal ROM

0-60

shoulder extension axis

the lateral aspect of the center of the head of the humerus

shoulder extension stationary arm

Parallel to the lateral midline of the trunk

shoulder extension moveable arm

Parallel to the longitudinal axis of the humerus

shoulder abduction normal ROM

0-180

shoulder abduction axis

 Posterior aspect of glenohumeral joint

shoulder abduction stationary arm

Parallel to the sternum

shoulder abduction moveable arm

 Parallel to the longitudinal axis of the humerus

shoulder horizontal abduction normal ROM

0-45

shoulder horizontal abduction axis

Placed on top of the acromion process

shoulder horizontal abduction stationary arm

Perpendicular to the trunk

shoulder horizontal abduction moveable arm

Parallel to the longitudinal axis of the humerus

shoulder horizontal adduction moveable arm

Parallel to the longitudinal axis of the humerus

shoulder horizontal adduction stationary arm

 Perpendicular to the trunk

shoulder horizontal adduction axis

 Placed on top of the acromion process

shoulder horizontal adduction normal ROM

0-135

shoulder internal rotation normal ROM

0-70

shoulder internal rotation axis

Olecranon process

shoulder internal rotation stationary arm

Parallel to the floor

shoulder internal rotation movement arm

Parallel to the forearm, aligned with the ulna

shoulder external rotation normal ROM

0-80

shoulder external rotation axis

Olecranon process

shoulder external rotation stationary arm

Parallel to the floor

shoulder external rotation movement arm

 Parallel to the forearm, aligned with the ulna