Cardiology Review

What are the main parts of the circulatory system?

Heart, blood vessels, and blood

What does the circulatory system transfer to all body cells?

Oxygen and nutrients

What does the circulatory system transfer away from the body cells?

Carbon dioxide and metabolic materials (waste)

Where is the heart located in the body?

In the mediastinal cavity, medial to the lungs, dorsal to the sternum, and superior to the diaphragm

Name the outer layer of tissue surrounding the heart, consisting of a fibrous layer and a serous membrane.

Pericardium Name

Name the muscular tissue layer of the heart that is the thickest.

Myocardium

Name the smooth membrane that lines the inside of the heart chambers and forms the valves.

Endocardium

What is the purpose of the septum of the heart?

It prevents blood from mixing between the right and left side of the heart

Which heart chamber receives blood from the body cells?

Right Atrium

Which heart chamber pushes blood into the pulmonary artery (to the lungs)?

Right Ventricle

Which heart chamber receives O 2 -rich blood from the lungs?

Left Atrium

Which heart chamber pushes blood into the aorta (to the body cells)?

Left Ventricle

What is the route blood takes through the systemic circuit, starting after the left ventricle?

Left Ventricle → Aorta → Body Tissues → Vena Cava → Right Atrium → Right Ventricle → Pulmonary arteries → lungs back to the left ventricle

What is the purpose of the one-way valves in the heart and blood vessels?

To keep blood flowing in the proper direction and prevent backflow

What are the three main types of blood vessels?

Arteries, Capillaries, and Veins

What is the action of arteries?

Carry blood away from the hear

What is the action of veins?

Carry blood back to the heart

What is the action of capillaries?

Connect arteries with venules and allow for gas/nutrient exchange

What are the two largest veins in the body?

Superior Vena Cava and Inferior Vena Cava

Define the term Diastole.

The phase when the heart relaxes after contraction

Define the term Systole.

The phase when the heart contracts to pump blood out

Which type of blood cell contains hemoglobin and carries O
2 and CO2

Erythrocytes (red blood cells)

Which type of blood cell is responsible for fighting against infection?

Leukocytes (white blood cells)

What is an Embolus?

An unattached mass (clot, bubble, etc.) that travels through the bloodstream and can cause blockage

What is a Myocardial Infarction (heart attack)?

Occurs when blood flow to the heart is reduced or completely blocke