den 101 - chapters 26, 27, 28

alert

to bring attention to a specific medical or clinical condition

assessment

the process of collecting data and evaluating or drawing conclusions from the findings

chronic

persisting over a long time

chronologic

arranged according to the time of occurrence; earliest to most recent

demographics

personal information that can include address, phone, and work information; also, statistical characteristics of populations

diagnosis

identification or determination of an illness, disease, or injury by examination of the patient's history and symptoms

forensic

scientific methods and techniques used to identify a person of interest or to investigate a crime

litigation

act of initiating legal proceedings, as in a lawsuit

quality assurance

program in place for monitoring and evaluating a project, service, or facility to ensure that standards of quality are being met

registration

act of completing forms by providing personal information

the dentist

The patient record is a permanent document from whom?

it ensures efficient and effective treatment, describes type of care the patient is receiving

How can quality assurance affect a patient's dental care?

protected health information

PHI is the abbreviation for what?

patient registration
medical dental health history
medical alert info
consent forms

What forms would the business assistant ask a new patient to complete before being seen for treatment?

patient insurance responsible party and signature

What type of demographics would be included in the patient registration form?

sign and date

To verify that the information is accurate, what must a patient provide after completing a health history form?

patient's previous dental care and treatment

What does the dental history section of the form provide for the dentist?

a reaction to a specific antibiotic that could be prescribed for dental treatment

Give an example of a medical alert?

clinical exam and recall exam

What form in the patient record would provide knowledge to the dental team of an existing restoration?

written privacy policy

What does HIPAA require that all dental practices today?

responsible party

person responsible for payment to account

medical history

questions regarding the patient's medical history, present physical condition, chronic conditions, allergies, and medications currently being taken

inside

If using paper forms, the 'alert' sticker should be placed where on the record?

at every appointment

The patient history must update his/her medical dental health history when?
-fully filled out once a year

antecubital space

small groove or fold in the inner arm, at or "in front of" (ante) the elbow (cubitis)

arrhythmia

abnormality and irregularity in the force or rhythm of the heartbeat

blood pressure

measurement of the force and rate of the pressure of the blood in the circulatory system

brachial

relating to the upper arm (brachium), as in the brachial artery

carotid

the two major arteries on each side of the neck that carry blood to the head and neck

diastolic

the last sound heard when taking a blood pressure; the normal rhythmic relaxation and dilation of the heart chambers

electrocardiogram

a test that records the electrical activity of the heart and records electrical currents associated with heart muscle activity

Korotkoff sounds

specific sounds heard in the stethoscope when taking a blood pressure

metabolism

the process by which your body converts what you eat and drink into energy

oximetry

test to measure the oxygen concentration in the blood

palpate

to examine or explore by touching

pulse

rhythmic beating of the arteries produced by regular contractions of the heart

radial

related to the radius (bone) or forearm (antebrachium), as in the radial artery

rate

a quantity measured, as in breaths and heartbeats

respiration

the act of inhaling and exhaling; breathing

rhythym

a sequence or pattern, such as the heartbeat or breathing

sphygmomanometer

instrument used when measuring blood pressure

stethoscope

instrument used for listening to sounds produced within the body

systolic

first sound heard with taking a blood pressure, which is the rhythmic contraction of the heart, especially of the ventricles

temperature

degree of hotness or coldness of a body or an environment

thermometer

isntrument for measuring temperature

tympanic

related to or resembling a drum, as in the tympanic membrane, or eardrum

volume

quantity or amount, as in force of a heartbeat

temp pulse respiration and blood pressure

Identify the four basic vital signs?

to measure body temp

What is the purpose of a thermometer?

rectal

What locations on the body must often give the highest temperature reading of the body?

in the ear canal

Where would the tympanic thermometer be placed?

radial artery for pulse
brachial artery for BP
carotid for CPR

Which arteries do you normally palpate when taking a patient's pulse in the dental office?

breathing

Respiration is the process of doing what?

tachypnea

What breathing pattern is a characteristic of excessively short, rapid breaths?

last sound

Is the disatolic reading the first or the last sound you hear when taking a blood pressure?

sphygmom and stethoscope

What two instruments are used for taking a patient's blood pressure?

Korotkoff

Who first described a series of sounds heard during the taking of a blood pressure?

emotional and physical

What factors can affect vital sign readings?

metabolism

-process of physical and chemical changes that takes place in the production of the body's heat
-during an illness: increases for the purpose of elevating the body's temp

97.6 to 99 F

What is the average oral temp of a resting person?

tympanic

an infrared signal is bounced off the eardrum, and an accurate reading is provided within 2 seconds

pulse characteristics

-rate: # of beats that occurs during the counting period
-rhythm: pattern of the beats
-volume: force of the beat

60 to 100 bpm

What is the normal pulse rate in resting adults?

70 to 120 bpm

What is the normal pulse in a child?

respiration characteristics

-rate: total number of breaths per mintue
-rhythm: breathing pattern
-depth: amount of air inhaled and exhaled

18 to 30

Respiration reading in children and teens?
-breaths per minute

normal BP

S: less than 120
D: less than 80

elevated BP

S: 120-129
D: less than 80

high BP hypertension stage 1

S: 130-139
D: 80-89

high BP hypertension stage 2

S: 140 or higher
D: 90 or higher

hypertensive crisis

S: higher than 180
D: higher than 120

atrial flutter

the atria is beating at an extremely rapid rate

ventricular tachycardia

the ventricles are beating at an extremely fast rate

ventricular fibrillation

total electrical dysfunction

10 to 20

Respiration reading in adults?
-breaths per minute

detection

the process of identifying the presence of something such as tooth imperfection or decay in dentistry

extraoral

outside the oral cavity

furcation

space or branching between two roots of a tooth

intraoral

within the oral cavity

mobility

the ability to move; in dentistry, the movement of a tooth within its bone structure

morphology

branch of biology that deals with form and structure

palpation

to examine by touch, such as feeling for abnormalities within soft tissue

probing

to explore or examine with the use of an instrument

restoration

bringing something back to its natural state; an example is the use of a dental material to restore a tooth

new
emergency
consultation
returning

Give four reasons why a patient seeks dental care?

visual evaluation
palpation

What diagnostic techniques are used to evaluate a patient's oral conditions?

explorer

What dental instrument is commonly used by the dentist examine a tooth for decay?

An intraoral image can be valuable for the dentist to provide what?

dental assistant duties

-assist the patient with completion of patient information forms
-take and record vital signs
-chart and record the dentist's findings during the extraoral/intraoral exams
-expose extaoral/intraoral radiographs
-take preliminary impression and fabricate diagnostic models
-take extraoral/intraoral photographs
-organize the patient record
-prepare for the case presentation

soft tissue

The ____ ____ - oral mucosa - should exhibit a uniform or eveness of color, which is more important than the underlying color itself.

dentist

Who can do the visual evaluation? (face, lymph nodes, restorations, etc)

palpation

-the examiner uses his or her fingers and hands to feel for: texture, size, hard/soft tissue consistency
-this technique is especially useful for detecting extraoral swelling and is the primary way of detecting swollen lymph nodes

black's classification

used to describe the location of decay and the best method for restoring a tooth

class i

+location:
-pits and fissures of the occlusal surfaces of molars and premolars
-buccal or lingual pits of molar and the lingual pits of maxillary incisors

+description:
-composite resins
-selection will depend on where the lesion is and what type of strength is needed

class ii

+location:
-proxmial (mesial + distal) sufraces of premolars and molars

+description:
-composite tooth-colored resins for posterior teeth
-if tooth has extensive decay: amalgam, gold, porcelain inlay/onlay or crown may be done

class iii

+location:
- proximal (mesial + distal) surfaces of incisors and canines
-anterior teeth

+description:
-composite tooth-colored

class iv

+location:
-proximal (mesial + distal) surfaces of incisors and canines)
-involves the incsal edge or angle of tooth

+description:
-composite tooth-colored resins
-if extensive decay: porcelain crown may be done

class v

+location:
-gingival third of the facial or lingual surface of any tooth aka smooth-surface decay

+description:
-material depends on affected teeth
-posterior teeth: silver amalgam
-anterior teeth: composite tooth-colored

class vi

+location:
- incisal edges of the anterior teeth and the cusp tips of the posterior teeth

+description:
-caused by abrasion and defects
-composite tooth-colored resins

smooth surface decay

gingival third of the facial or lingual surface of any tooth