AP Government Chapter 4 Study Guide

Federalism

The power is divided and shared between the central government and the state governments.

Expressed Powers

Powers directly stated in the Constitution

Implied Powers

Powers not directly stated in the Constitution but are not assumed based on the expressed powers

Based on the Necessary and Proper Clause or the Elastic Clause

Giving Congress the power to make all laws necessary and proper for carrying out its expressed powers, so it is said to stretch to cover many situations.

Inherent Powers

Powers that the government has just because its a government

Denied Powers

Things the government can't do

Reserved Powers

Powers that belong to the states

Concurrent Powers

Powers shared by the federal and state governments.

Supreme Law of the Land

The Constitution and the laws and treaties of the United States

Supremacy Clause

No state law may conflict with a federal law.

McCulloch v. Maryland

The court ruled that when federal and state laws conflict, the federal law wins if it is constitutional. Explained the supremacy and elastic clauses.

Republican Form of Government (Short Answer)

Each state must have a representative government.

Protection From Invasion and Internal Disorder (Short Answer)

Presidents can send federal troops at the state's request.

Territorial Integrity (Short Answer)

The federal government must recognize the legal existence and federal orders of each state.

What must a territory do when desiring statehood? (Short Answer)

A territory desiring statehood first asks Congress for admission and they pass an enabling act (an act telling people of the territory to write a constitution). The constitution must then be approved by a popular vote in the territory. If congress approves the constitution, it passes an act of admission, which the president must sign and admit to the state.

Grants-in-aid

Gifts of federal money or other resources to the states and their local governments.

Categorical Grants

Must be only used for specific purposes.

Block Grants

Have broader goals and fewer strings attached.

Project Grants

Funds various state and local projects.

Other Forms of Aid - Definition

State governments assist the national government in many ways.

Other Forms of Aid - How States and Local Governments Help

State and Local governments pay for and organize the election process.

Naturalization

Takes place in state courts

Interstate Compacts

Written agreements between states to settle their disputes

Full Faith and Credit Clause

Requires each state to honor and enforce the laws, official documents, and court rulings of other states.

Extradition

Fugitives must be returned to the state where they committed the crime.

Privilages and Immunities Clause

One state can't discriminate against citizens of another state.