Anatomy Semester 1 Final- Chapter 1

Histology

The analysis of the structure of groups of similar cells that work together (tissues)

Pathological

Anatomical features that change during an illness would be studied in _____ anatomy

Urinary System

Organ system that controls water balance by regulating the volume of urine produced and excretes waste products collected from the blood

Endocrine System

Organ system involved with communication and control by chemical means

Digestive system organs

Teeth, liver, pancreas

Homeostasis

The maintenance of a constant internal environment in an organism

Negative feedback (Ex: calcium levels in blood increase, calcitonin is released by the thyroid gland. The presence of calcitonin in the blood causes the skeletal system to absorb more calcium.)

Stimulus, sensor, control center, effector

Cytology

The study and analysis of the internal structure of individual cells

Skeletal organ system

Provides support, protection of soft tissue, mineral storage and blood cell formation.

Terms of relative body position are used to describe

The location of one body part relative to another

Levels of organization

organelles, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Urinary bladder

What organ occupies the pelvic cavity

Visceral Pleura

Membrane on the surface of a lung, touching the lung

Anatomical position

Standing erect with the face and palms forward

Cephalic or Cranial

A structure that is closer to the head than something else

Mid-sagittal section

Separates the body into equal right and left portions

Same as ventral

Anterior

The wrist is --- to the elbow

Distal

NOT a characteristic of all living things

Eukaryotic

Peritoneum

The serous membrane covering the stomach and most of the intestines

Positive

A response that increases the disturbance

The central principle that governs the science of physiology?

Homeostasis

The eyes are --- to the mandible

Superior

Located in the mediastinum

Heart

The appendix is located in the --- quadrant

Right lower

Visceral pericardium

covers the surface of the heart

Hypothalamus

Control center for the negative feedback loop that regulates body temperature

Anatomy

Branch of science dealing with the form and structure of body parts

When the body cannot maintain homeostasis

Disease or death

Transverse plane

A cut or plane that produces an inferior and superior section

Name of the membranes on the heart

Pericardium

Mediastinum

Area located medial and superior to the lungs and is the location for some of the blood vessels, thymus gland, esophagus, and heart

Results when opposing processes or forces are in balance

Homeostasis

If a surgeon makes an incision just inferior to the diaphragm, which body cavity will be opened?

Abdominal cavity

Diaphragm

Structure at the inferior boundary of the thoracic cavity that divides the ventral body cavity into two areas

The heart is --- to the lungs

Medial

The trachea is --- to the esophagus

Anterior

The diaphragm is --- to the liver

Superior

The tarsals are --- to the knee

Distal

Caudal

closer to the tail

Hypo

Under

Navel

Umbilical

Homo

Same

Physio

Nature

-tomy

To cut

Meta

change

Cyto

cell

Chondr

Cartilage

Peri

Around

Pathos

Disease

Korone

Crown

Stasis

standing still

Peri

around

Epi

Above

Histos

Tissue

-ology

Study

Endo

Within

Ana

Up

Cardio

Heart

Sagitta

Arrow

Gastr

Belly

Macro

Large, gross

Medius

Middle

Cata

Down

Pleura

Rib

Body systems w/ heart

Cardiovascular

Body systems w/ kidney

Urinary system

Body systems w/ Liver

Digestive; Lymphatic

Body systems w/ Spleen

Lymphatic

Body systems w/ Gluteus maximus

Muscular

Body systems w/ Sternum

Skeletal system

Body systems w/ ovary

Reproductive system

Body systems w/ Hair

Integumentary system

Body systems w/ Transportation of nutrients and wastes

Cardiovascular system

Body system that stimulates the muscles to contract

Nervous system

Eye

Orbital

Elbow

Olecranal

Arm

Brachium

Thigh

Femoral

Shoulder

Deltoid

Cheeks (of mouth)

Buccal

Fingers

Digital

Knee

Popliteal

Wrist

Carpal

Belly button

Umbilical

Computed Tomography (CT) scan

Special tests that produce cross-sectional images of the body using X-rays and a computer to stack many images together to reveal soft tissue details

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

A technique that uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of the organs and tissue within the body

Radiography

A photographic or digital image of the internal composition of something, especially a part of the body produced by X-rays

Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA)

A computerized X-ray technique in which blocked arteries are visualized following injection of dye into a vein

Sonography

A visual image produced from sound waves, is noninvasive and safe because it does not involve radiation

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

An imaging test that reveals how the tissues and organs are functioning by using a radioactive glucose tracer

Type of feedback: After a meal, blood sugar levels rise. In response, the pancreas releases the hormone insulin which circulates through the body and binds to glucose channels in cells, opening the channels to the glucose. Cells take in glucose and metabolize for their energy needs. This lowers the glucose levels in the bloodstream

Negative

Type of Feedback: Part of the complex biochemical pathway of blood clotting is the production of an enzyme that forms the matrix of the blood clot. This has a self-catalytic, or self-accelerating effect, so that once the clotting process begins, it runs faster and faster until, ideally, bleeding stops

Positive

Space between visceral and parietal pleura

Pleural cavity with serous fluid