metabolism- fatty acids

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 0 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/27

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

28 Terms

1
New cards

how are FA activated

joined to CoA via Acyl CoA synthetase (uses ATP→AMP), THIOESTER BOND

irreversible via hydrolysis PPi

2
New cards

how is Acyl CoA shuttled into mitochondrial matrix?

adds acyl to carnitine via CPT-1, transported across via CAT, acyl-carnitine is converted back via CPT-2

3
New cards

what happens when carnitine transferases (particularly in pharoh isles) non functional? how is it treated

can’t breakdown FA, during sleep blood glucose plummets, neurological→ floppy, must wake up throughout night & give small feeds

4
New cards

what is the 4 steps of FA synthesis?

condensation, reduction, dehydration, reduction

5
New cards

how do FA synthesis and break down differ?

whilst they mirror processes, diff enzymes and diff locations used

6
New cards

how are FA oxidised?

Acyl CoA dehydrogenase (uses FAD)

7
New cards

how are FAs hydrated?

enoyl CoA hydratase

8
New cards

how are FAs 2nd oxidised?

L-3 hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase (uses NAD)

9
New cards

what finally lyses FAs?

B-ketothiolase (only snaps off 2C)

10
New cards

how would you figure the no. ATP produced from a e.g 14C FA?

11
New cards

what types of enzymes do you need to deal with unsaturated FA?

isomerase, reductase

12
New cards

what if breaking down a odd chain FA?

need carboxylation, isomerisation

13
New cards

which cells prefer ketones to glucose

heart, renal medulla in kidneys, also useful to brain in fasting (can pass through BBB)

14
New cards

what is the most important site for ketone production?

liver

15
New cards

what are the 3 ketones produced from ketone synthesis?

hydroxybutyrate (more stable), acetone (a mistake), acetoacetate, via B-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase

16
New cards

what shuttle does FA synthesis need to get Acetyl CoA out of mitochondria into cytoplasm?

convert oxaloacetate + acetyl CoA→ citrate, which moves across

→ oxaloacetate (uses ATP) + Acetyl CoA

then oxaloacetate → malate (uses NADH),

then → pyruvate (reduces NADP+), pyruvate transported across

converted back to oxaloacetate

<p>convert oxaloacetate + acetyl CoA→ citrate, which moves across </p><p>→ oxaloacetate (uses ATP) + Acetyl CoA </p><p>then oxaloacetate → malate (uses NADH),</p><p> then → pyruvate (reduces NADP+), pyruvate transported across</p><p>converted back to oxaloacetate</p>
17
New cards

what does acetyl CoA carboxylase do? (FA synthesis)

adds C to make 2C→3C (malonyl CoA), uses ATP

18
New cards

how is acetyl CoA carboxylase regulated

insulin activated (phosphatase dephosphorylates), glucagon, epinephrine deactivated (phosphate kinase phosphorylates)

19
New cards

what does acyl carrier protein do?

takes acyl off acetyl CoA, and malonyl off Malonyl CoA

20
New cards

what does Acyl-malonyl ACP condensing enzyme do

joins Acetyl ACP + Malonyl ACP and also condense (3+2=5-1=4) to produce acetoacetyl ACP

21
New cards

what does B-ketoacyl ACP reductase do?

uses NADPH, forms D-isomer from reduction of acetoacetyl ACP

22
New cards

what does 3-hydroxyacyl ACP dehydratase do?

dehydration, aims for saturated FA

23
New cards

what does Enoyl ACP reductase do?

reduction (uses NADPH)

24
New cards

how are fats transported?

albumin

25
New cards

how are FA that you produce? digested transported?

lipoproteins, names: chylomicrons (from intestine & r largest), VLDL (very low density lipoprotein), LDL (low-density lipoprotein), HDL (high-density lipoprotein, smallest)

26
New cards

once FA are transported to peripheral tissues, where do chylo remnants, cholesterol etc. go?

liver to be recycled (cholesterol→ bile salts/ other)

27
New cards

what are the ‘good’ fats? bad?

none r good/bad, but high ration of LDLs and VLDLs compared to HDL is one of many risk factors for cardiac disease

28
New cards

what massive molecule is acyl carrier protein part of?

fatty acid synthase