Chinese Exclusion Act
U.S. law prohibiting Chinese laborers from entering or remaining
Mohandas Gandhi
Indian activist who fought against discrimination in South Africa
Porfirio Díaz
Mexican president promoting immigration and development in northern regions
Trinidad and Tobago
Caribbean nation known for significant Indian population
Mauritius
Island nation where Indians worked as indentured laborers
Natal
Region in South Africa with Indian laborers on railways
Guyana
Caribbean country with a large Indian ethnic group
Argentina
South American nation with high Italian immigration and influence
Chinese Immigration Act
U.S. legislation regulating Chinese immigrants' entry
Chinese Immigration Regulation and Restriction Act
Law limiting Chinese immigrants' arrival in specific regions
Influx of Chinese Restriction Act
Legislation imposing entrance taxes on Chinese immigrants
White Australia Policy
Australian immigration policy aimed at maintaining a racially homogenous population
ethnic enclaves
Communities formed by immigrants sharing the same culture and traditions
Natal Indian Congress
Organization founded by Gandhi to address Indian discrimination in South Africa
kangani system
Recruitment method for entire Indian families to work in colonies
Chinatowns
Urban neighborhoods where Chinese immigrants settled, preserving their culture
Scots-Irish
Protestant descendants of Scots who migrated to Ireland and then to America
popular culture
Culture derived from the shared experiences and interests of the broader population
canal system
Network of navigable waterways facilitating transportation and trade