lab 9 - urinary and reproductive systems

what is the primary reproductive organ and serve to produce gametes and sex hormones (in females)

ovaries

what does estrogen include

estradiol, estrone, and estriol (in non-pregnant females) and estetrol (only produced during pregnancy)

what anchors the ovary medially to the uterus

ovarian ligament

what anchors the ovary laterally to the pelvic wall

suspensory ligament

what suspends the ovary in between the pelvic wall and the uterus

mesovarium

what are the uterine tubes also called

fallopian tubes or oviduct

where is the site where fertilization occurs in females

uterine/fallopian tubes

what does the infundibulum house

fimbriae

what is the wall of the uterus composed of

perimetrium (outermost), myometrium (middle), and endometrium (innermost)

what are the 2 layers of the endometrium

functional layer (stratum functionalis) and basal layer(stratum basalis)

where does the embryo implant if fertilization occurs

endometrium

what is the opening into the uterus called

internal os

what is the opening into the vagina called

external os

what is the myometrium made up of

smooth muscle to expel baby

what does the cervical canal connect

uterine cavity to the lumen of vagina

-passage for sperm must travel to fertilize an egg

what is the endocervical canal lined with

ciliated simple columnar epithelial cells

what is the ectocervix lined with

stratified squamous epithelial cells

what is the squamocolumnar junction

where the 2 types of epithelia meet in the uterus

if a female is exposed to HPV, the virus can cause changes to what

epithelium

what does the vaginal wall consist of

fibroelastic adventitia, smooth muscle called muscularis, and inner mucosa

what is the pH of a vagina

acidic, keeps it healthy and free of infection, but makes a hostile environment for sperm

what is the external genitalia also called

vulva or pudendum

what does the vulva include

mons pubis, labia, and clitoris

what is the labia majora

homologous structure to that of the male scrotum and encloses the labium minora that is homologous to the penis

what do the Bartholin’s glands do

release mucus into the vaginal opening to keep it moist and lubricated to facilitate intercourse

what does the clitoris contain

dorsal erectile tissue (corpus cavernosa) but lacks corpus spongiosum

what tissue is the penis made up of

corpus spongiosum and corpus cavernosa

what is the arterial blood that fills the penis during erections called

tumescence

the ___ is covered with a loose layer of skin called ___ and contains numerous sensitive nerve endings (in penis)

glans; prepuce

what does the scrotum contain

testicles (or testes)

what are the testicles responsible for making

testosterone

where is sperm produced

seminiferous tubules

what is the epididymus

long, coiled tube on backside of each testicle

-stores and transports sperm and they complete maturation

how is the ejaculatory duct formed

fusion of the vas deferens with the seminal vesicle duct

what is the bulbourethral gland also called

Cowper’s gland

-empties into the urethra

what does cowper’s gland produce

fluid that serves to lubricate urethra and neutralize any acidity that may be present from urine

what does prostate gland do

helps nourish sperm and contributes additional fluid to ejaculate