Abnormal psychology

Parts of Abnormal Behavior: Maladaptiveness

Behavior interferes with normal functioning.

Parts of Abnormal Behavior: Statistical Deviation

Behavior is statistically rare or uncommon.

Parts of Abnormal Behavior: Subjective Distress

The individual experiences suffering or distress.

Parts of Abnormal Behavior: Cultural Norm Violation

Behavior breaks social or cultural rules.

Biological Causes of Mental Disorders

Include genetics, brain structure, and neurotransmitter imbalances.

Psychological Causes of Mental Disorders

Include trauma, unconscious conflict, and cognitive distortions.

Cognitive Triad (Beck)

Negative views of self, world, and future; often seen in depression.

Social Anxiety Disorder

Fear of being judged socially; lasts over 6 months and causes avoidance.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Triggered by trauma; includes flashbacks, avoidance, hyperarousal, numbness; lasts over 1 month.

Panic Disorder

Unexpected panic attacks with physical symptoms and fear of dying.

Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Obsessions: intrusive thoughts; Compulsions: rituals to reduce anxiety.

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Obsessive focus on perceived flaws in appearance.

Hoarding Disorder

Difficulty discarding items, leads to clutter беспорядок, distress, and impaired life.

Trichotillomania

Hair-pulling disorder to relieve anxiety or tension.

Excoriation Disorder

Skin-picking disorder that causes injury and distress.

Trypophobia

Fear or aversion отвращение to patterns of small holes or bumps.

Schizophrenia – Positive Symptoms

Hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech.

Schizophrenia – Negative Symptoms

Flat affect, lack of motivation, apathy.

Cluster A Personality Disorders

Odd or eccentric behavior.

Paranoid Personality Disorder

Distrusts others without justification, suspects harm or betrayal.

Schizoid Personality Disorder

Emotionally detached, avoids relationships, indifferent to others.

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Eccentric behavior, magical thinking, social anxiety.

Cluster B Personality Disorders

Dramatic, emotional, or erratic behavior.

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Violates rights of others, deceitful обманчивый, lacks remorse, не чувствует сожаления often criminal.

Borderline Personality Disorder

Emotional instability, impulsivity, fear of abandonment, self-harm.

Histrionic Personality Disorder

Needs attention, dramatic, shallow emotions, approval-seeking.

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Grandiose, needs admiration, lacks empathy, sensitive to criticism.

Cluster C Personality Disorders

Anxious or fearful behavior.

Avoidant Personality Disorder

Socially inhibited, fears rejection, avoids interactions.

Dependent Personality Disorder

Needs excessive support, fears separation, submissive.

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD)

Preoccupied with order, control, and perfectionism; different from OCD.