Health Promotions Nutrition Exam #2

Main source of energy

Carbohydrates

Simple vs Complex Carbs

Simple- Quick Digest, Provides fast energy (Candy)

Complex- Longer to digest, Provides sustained energy (Rice)

-Important to the bodies structure, function and regulation

-Muscle Growth

-Acid Base balance

-Immune response

-Provides some energy

Protein

Essential vs Nonessential Proteins

Essential- Cannot be synthesized by body, must be attained through diet.

Non-essential- Can be synthesized by the body.

Saturated and trans fats are bad or good fats?

Bad fats

Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats are good or bad fats?

Good fats

The water soluble vitamins are

Vitamin B and C

-Balance PH

-Acid base balance of blood and cells

Minerals

What are the four minerals that are concerns for nurses

Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium, and Calcium.

According to the MyPlate guideline how much of the plate should be fruits and vegtables?

Half of the plate

What are the four factors that influence nutrition?

Environment

Development

Adolescents

Age

Vegetarian diet that avoids meat, fish, and poultry, but eats egg and milk.

Ovolactovegetarian

Vegetarian diet that drinks, milk but avoids eggs

Lactovegetarian

Vegetarian diet that consumes only plants

Vegan

Vegetarian diet that only consumes fruits, nuts, honey, and olive oil

Fruitarian

Anthropometry (BMI), Lab tests, Dietary Health History, Physical Exam, Dysphagia are ways to

Asses nutritional status

What is the best way to check for Enteral Tube

X-Ray

Nutrients provided by IV due to patients not being able to digest or absorb nutrients in the GI system due to being in a high stress physiological stress.

Patental Therapy

What is an essential nutrient to consume PRIOR and during pregnancy.

Follic Acid

How much of an increase of iron should a pregnant women have?

50% increase.

If a vegan mom is pregnant what nutrients should she increase

Vitamin B12

Vitamin D

Folate

Protein

When should the mother increase her caloric intake

During the second trimester

How many calories should a pregnant women eat

2200-2900 cal/day

What is the average lb gain per week for women in their second and third trimester

1lb per week

Should a mother at double her weight if she has twins?

No, should only eat a little more than usual

When should you introduce solids to an infant

6 months

What type of food is usually first introduced

Cereal

When introducing food, what should you do?

Introduce the new food for 4-6 days straight.

Formula infants grow slightly faster than those from breast milk?

True

What should the proper temperature of formula

Cold or room temperature that is NEVER warmed up.

Craving for nonfood items which can lead to spontaneous abortions, premature and births, cognitive impairments

Pica

What age should toddlers have skim milk

2 years

This phase of life ads 50% of adult weight and 15-20% of adult height

Fat distribution occurs

Increase need for iron

Adolescence

What are some kind of deficiencies for adolscents

Fiber

Vitamin A

Calcium

Iron

Potassium

When does gestational diabetes usually occur during pregnancy

After 20-24 weeks

Fluids should be increased during what time

Lactation

The infants weight should be doubled between how many months

4-6 months

Food sensitivity, symptoms of gas, diarrhea, no immune response

Food intolerance

Food hypersensitivity, symptoms may include hives, anaphylaxis, triggers immune response, life-threatning

Food allergy

Legally defined by FDA

Describes the level of a nutrient or a substance

Ex- “Low” “Free” “High”

Nutrient Content Claim

Legally Defined by FDA

They cannot exceed specific levels of total fat, sat fat, cholesterol, sodium. Contain at least 10% of the Daily Value of at least one of the following protein, dietary fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, and iron

Ex- “Calcium may help prevent osteoporosis” or “Low sodium may help prevent high blood pressure.”

Health Claims

Non-legally Defined by FDA

Ex- “Improves mood,” “Relives stress” “For hot flashes.”

Structure & Function Claims

Majority of foodborne illnesses are caused by

Bacteria

What type pathogen that is found on Ready to eat foods touched by infected food workers, think cruise ships.

Symptoms are diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, and stomach pain.

Noravirus

Beef and poultry that has sat out on a table for a long period of time

Symptoms are diarrhea and stomach cramps NO FEVER OR VOMITING

Clostridium Perfringes

Eating foods that have been in contact with animals intestines.

Symptoms- Diarrhea, fever stomach cramps, vomiting.

Salmonella

Unpasteurized milk, unpasteurized water

Symptoms, diarrhea, vomiting, stomach pain HAS FEVER

Campy

Unpasteurized milk, unpasteurized water

Symptoms, diarrhea, vomiting, stomach pain NO FEVER

E. Coli

When should you seek appropriate medical attention for a foodborne illness

When symptoms persist for more than 3 days.

What are the order of the steps for Acculturation

1) New foods added to the diet

2) Some traditional foods are replaced by new foods

3) Some traditional foods are rejected

Diet that is considered high in fat cholesterol and sodium.

African American

Diet that is low-fat, high-fiber,

Mexican

Diet that has an extreme amount of sodium with lactose intolerance very common

Asian American