Organic Chemistry Functional Groups

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Last updated 6:23 PM on 9/22/26
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15 Terms

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alkane

Hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds. Nomenclature: -ane.

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alkene

Hydrocarbons that contain a carbon-carbon double bond. Nomenclature: -ene.

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alkyne

Hydrocarbons that contain a carbon-carbon triple bond. Nomenclature: -yne.

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aromatic hydrocarbons/arenes

Hydrocarbons containing a six-carbon ring with three double bonds.

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alcohol

Organic compounds that contain a hydroxy group. Nomenclature: -ol.

<p>Organic compounds that contain a hydroxy group. Nomenclature: -ol. </p>
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ether

Composed of two alkyl groups bonded to an oxygen atom. Nomenclature: ether.

<p>Composed of two alkyl groups bonded to an oxygen atom. Nomenclature: ether. </p>
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ketone

Two alkyl groups bonded to a carbonyl functional group. Nomenclature: -one.

<p>Two alkyl groups bonded to a carbonyl functional group. Nomenclature: -one. </p>
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aldehyde

One alkyl group and a hydrogen atom bonded to a carbonyl group. Nomenclature: -al or -aldehyde.

<p>One alkyl group and a hydrogen atom bonded to a carbonyl group. Nomenclature: -al or -aldehyde. </p>
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carboxylic acid

Contain a carboxyl group (-COOH) as their functional group. Nomenclature: -oic acid.

<p>Contain a carboxyl group (-COOH) as their functional group. Nomenclature: -oic acid. </p>
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amine

Alkylated derivatives of ammonia. Nomenclature: alkyl + amine.

<p>Alkylated derivatives of ammonia. Nomenclature: alkyl + amine. </p>
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amide

Acid derivatives that result from combining an acid with ammonia or an amine.

<p>Acid derivatives that result from combining an acid with ammonia or an amine. </p>
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nitrile

A compound containing a cyano group.

<p>A compound containing a cyano group. </p>
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ester

A carbonyl carbon single-bonded to an oxygen atom that is attached to another carbon chain.

<p>A carbonyl carbon single-bonded to an oxygen atom that is attached to another carbon chain. </p>
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thiol

A carbon-bonded sulfur and hydrogen group.

<p>A carbon-bonded sulfur and hydrogen group. </p>
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sulfide

Sulfur bonded to two alkyl groups.

<p>Sulfur bonded to two alkyl groups. </p>