General Biology 1 - Animal Tissues

Epithelial Tissues

outermost covering

it is avascular

Avascular

no blood vessels

simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, pseudostratified columnar, stratified squamous, stratified cuboidal, stratified columnar, transitional

8 types of epithelial tissues

simple squamous epithelium

found at linings of epidermal, mouth, blood vessels and walls of alveoli

provides smooth surface for the flow of fluid

simple cuboidal epithelium

Function: secretion and absorption

Location: Kidney tubules; ducts and secretory portions of small glands, ovary surface.

simple columnar epithelium

Function: Absorption; secretion of mucus, enzymes, and other substances; ciliated type propels mucus (or reproductive cells) by ciliated action.

Location: nonciliated type lines most of the digestive tract (stomach to anal canal), gallbladder and excretory ducts of some glands; ciliated variety lines small bronchi, uterine tubes, and some regions of the uterus.

organelle rich cytoplasm

has microvilli or villi at the top used for absorption

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

composed of single layer of cells attached to the basal membrane

found in trachea and upper respiratory tract

used for secreting and mucous movement

stratified squamous epithelium

found in vagina, anus and outer layer of the cornea

the outer layer of our skin is made of this

abrasion protection

stratified cuboidal epithelium

Function: ovarian follicles that protects the tissue underneath the epithelial

Location: Largest ducts of sweat glands, mammary glands, and salivary glands.

stratified columnar epithelium

Function: found at ovarian follicles and secretory glands structure for sensing stimuli, used for tasting

Location: rare in the body; small amounts in male urethra and in large ducts of some glands

transitional epithelium

function: changes shape and flexible (transitional changes)

Location: found in urinary system such as; lines in the ureters, urinary bladder, and part of the urethra

loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue

2 Types of Connective Tissues

dense regular connective tissue and dense irregular connective tissue

2 types of dense connective tissue

connective tissue

A body tissue that provides support for the body and connects all of its parts

gel like appearance tissue

example blood

loose connective tissue

also called as fibroblasts (cell that forms and produces)

Collagen fibers are

strong, inelastic made up of protein collagen

elastic fiber

primarily made up of the protein

giving the fiber its eponymous property

dense connective tissues

has fewer cells, has more collagen fibers

found in ligaments and tendons

dense regular connective tissue

connective tissues of a group and also dense

has large collagen fibers that holds tissue to provide strength

dense irregular connective tissue

connective tissue of a group or bundle of dense, robust and large collagen fibers that hold tissue to provide strength

tendons

connects muscle to bone

ligaments

Connects bone to bone

epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue

4 types of animal tissues

reticular connective tissue

made of fibroblasts or fibers and it is fatty

red bone narrow, yellow bone narrow and spleen

3 types of reticular tissues

red bone narrow

produces red blood cells and has no life span

yellow bone narrow

contains fat which makes it yellow

stores stem cells

these stem cells become bone cells, cartilage or fat

spleen

graveyard of red blood

filters blood and makes white blood cells

bone

a connective tissue

embedded in a mineralized extra cellular matrix composed of collagen fibers

osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts

3 types of cell present in bones

Osteoblasts

bone forming cells

forms new bones, removes old bones to regenerate new ones

Osteocytes

longest living bone cells

osteclasts

break down old and damaged bone cells and makes spaces for osteoblasts to create new bones

blood

most porous out of all the connective tissues

does not have extracellular matrix (ECM)

red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cell (leukocytes) and platelets

3 types of blood cells

Platelets (thrombocytes)

one of the formed elements in the blood that is responsible for aiding in the clotting process

red blood cells (erythrocytes)

carry oxygen

life span 120 days

Hemoglobin

Oxygen carrying pigment in red blood cells

makes blood more redder

more of this can carry more oxygen

white blood cells (leukocytes)

protection against infection

Macrophages

large white blood cells

eats bacteria

phagocyte

the process of eating bacteria in white blood cells

basophil, eosinophil and neutrophil

3 Types of White Blood Cells

basophil

A circulating leukocyte that produces histamine.

Eosinophils

Defense against parasites

Neutrophils

types of wbc that protects our immune system and helps the body to fight infections

first immune cells to response

innate and adaptive immune system

2 types of immune system

innate immune system

automatic detector of viruses just like white blood cells

adaptive immune system

manual needs to be activated

memorizes how to stop the virus that you have experience before

have an ability to mutate or produce different variants overtime

adipose tissues

kind of loose connective tissues made up of adipocytes (fat cells)

stores energy in the form of fats

important to protect the organs

in animals it insulates the fats for prevention of colds

skeletal tissue, muscular tissue and cardiac tissue

3 types of muscle tissues

skeletal muscles

found and surrounds our skeletal system

involuntary or requires consciousness

it is multi-nucleated or has many nucleus

smooth muscles

found in our internal organs

involuntary or does not require consciousness

present in digestive tract and respiratory tract

cardiac muscles

only found in the heart and pumps blood

involuntary or does not require consciousness

cell body, dendrite, axon, myelin sheath, node of ranvier, Schwann cell, nucleus,

7 parts of nervous tissue

Neuron

most special structure in our nervous system

nerve cells that sends messages all over the body

dendrite

gathers or receive information from neurona

axon

sends away collected information from dendrite

myelin sheath

axon is covered with this and makes the sent messages faster

glial cells

any cell in the nervous tissue that has no nucleus is called as this

also called as glia or neurogliq

microglial cells

type of white blood cells that eats and kill bacteria for the protection of our immune system

ependymal cells

produces cerebral spinal fluid to protect our brain from being harmed or cushioned by different kind of substances

astrocyte (blood brain barrier)

another protection that surrounds the brain that prevents toxic substances to enter