Native American Section 1

Indigenous tribes no longer exist

False

In general, what do Indigenous Americans believe ?

They were placed in this country to care for the land

What is a reservation?

A designated area of land set aside by the US government, where Native American tribes are allowed to live and maintain their own governance

What was the goal of Native American Boarding Schools?

To assimilate Native American children by erasing their cultural identities

What methods did these schools use to achieve their goals?

Isolating children from their families, prohibiting their language, and enforcing Western customs

What were the consequences for parents who did not want their children to attend the schools?

They were incarcerated or withheld food rations

What were the effects of the boarding schools on Native American children?

A loss of cultural identity and language, often resulting in long-term trauma and disconnection from their heritage

What are some of the long-term effects of the boarding schools?

Continued struggles with identity, intergenerational trauma, and the erosion of cultural traditions

How did the U.S. government enforce assimilation policies on Native Americans?

By forcing Native children into boarding schools and outlawing the practice of Native traditions

What was the primary purpose of Native American boarding schools?

To isolate Native children from their families and force them to adopt Western customs, language, and religion

What were Native children forced to do in boarding schools as part of the assimilation process?

Adopt Western names, clothing, language, and religious practices

What were some of the consequences of assimilation policies for Native American communities?

Significant cultural loss, including the erosion of languages, spiritual practices, and traditional ways of life

What was the main purpose of the Miriam Report published in 1928?

To study the living conditions of Native Americans on reservations

What was the impact of the U.S. Stock Market Crash of 1929 on Native American communities?

Worsened poverty and economic marginalization on reservations

What were the goals of the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934?

-To protect Native lands from further sale

The Termination Policy of the 1950s aimed to

End the recognition of tribal sovereignty and dissolve reservations

What was the goal of the Indian Relocation Act of 1956?

To encourage Native Americans to move from reservations to urban areas

One effect of the Indian Adoption Project (1958-1967) was:

Loss of cultural identity for many Native children

Why did U.S. officials shift from boarding schools to adoption as a method of assimilation?

Adoption was seen as more effective in erasing Native culture

Which of the following best describes the term sovereignty in the context of Native American tribes?

The right of tribes to govern themselves and manage their own affairs

What was one method Native Americans used to resist the Indian Adoption Project?

Creating legal challenges to stop the removal of Native children

The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) was criticized by the Miriam Report for

Mismanaging resources and neglecting Native American communities

Termination policies aimed to eliminate Native American sovereignty by:

Forcing Native Americans to assimilate into mainstream American society

How did urbanization affect Native Americans after the Indian Relocation Act?

It led to social isolation, discrimination, and unemployment

What were the goals of the American Indian Movement (AIM)?

To fight for civil rights, sovereignty, and the preservation of Indigenous cultures

What methods did AIM use to achieve their goals?

Occupations, protests, legal action, and negotiations

What were some accomplishments of AIM?

The occupation of Alcatraz Island and bringing attention to Native issues, including the establishment of legal rights for Native Americans

How did AIM attempt to resist oppression and revitalize their culture?

By leading protests, legal battles, and revitalizing Native languages, ceremonies, and traditions

What event caused public opinion to turn against the Native Americans during the occupation of Alcatraz Island?

The Native Americans were accused of stealing copper wire from the buildings to sell for food, and three were arrested for selling 600 lbs of copper