Cell Orgenelle Vocuabulary set 1

prokaryote

A single-celled organism that does not have a nucleus.

eukaryote

An organism whose cells have nuclei.

Cell

The structural and functional unit of all living organisms. (What a living thing is made of and what makes it work.) It is sometimes called the "building block" of life.

Cell membrane

A structure that surrounds the cell; controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell.

Organelle

A specialized structure in a cell.

Cell wall

Protects and supports the plant cell.

Nucleus

The control center of the cell.

Chromatin

The substance that fills the nucleus,it contains the genetic material, the instructions that direct the functions of the cell.

Cytosol/cytoplasm

The watery fluid that contains the organelles of the cell.

Mitochondria

Provides the cell with energy

Endoplasmic reticulum

The E.R. is a maze -like collection of passageways surrounding the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It carries proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another.

Ribosomes

They are small,round structures found throughout the cytoplasm of all cells which function as protein factories.

Golgi bodies

These are a flattened bunch of sacs and tubes which act as a mailroom . They receive proteins from the E.R., package them in fats, and distribute them to other parts of the cell and even outside the cell.

Chloroplasts

They are organelles found only in plant cells and some bacteria. They capture the sun's energy and use it to produce food as energy. Their pigments make the plant green.

Vacuoles

They are large storage sacs for water and act as the cell's water storage tanks. Most plants have them, some animal cells do and some don't.

Lysosomes

They are small round structures found in eukaryotes that contain chemicals that break down food and old cell parts.They act like the cell's cleanup crew.They act like the cell's cleanup crew.