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What is a Proteome?
Set of expressed proteins in a particular cell or organism under a given set of environmental conditions.
What do proteins contain?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Sulfur
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino acids
What are polypeptide chains?
polymers
How long are polypeptide chains?
50 to 30,000 amino acids
Proteins and their function - Structural
component of cell membranes
components of cytoplasm
components of movement
components of hair, nails, horns, etc
Proteins and their function - Metabolic
hormones - regulatory chemical
energy transfer molecules for cell respiration
oxygen carrier in circulation
antibodies
enzymes
How many parts of an amino acid
5
5 parts of an amino acid
central carbon, hydrogen, amino group, carboxyl group, r group
amino group
NH2
carboxyl group
-COOH
r group
functional group
what are proteins composed of
20 possible amino acids
what can amino acids be classified as
polar, nonpolar, acidic, basic
how many amino acids are there
20
what makes amino acids different from each other
r group
what does a condensation reaction in proteins do
forms dipeptides
removes hydroxyl group from the carboxyl group of amino acids
removes hydrogen from amino group of the amino acid
removes 1 water
creates a covalent bond called a peptide bond
what type of bond is a peptide bond
covalent bond
what are the levels of protein structure
primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary
How many types of possible peptide chains are there
infinite
what is haemoglobin composed of
4 poly peptides - 2 alpha and 2 beta globins
where is haemoglobin found
red blood cells
what is haemoglobins main function
to transport oxygen around the body
is haemoglobin a protein
yes
what are immunoglobulins also called
antibodies
what produces immunoglobulins
white blood cells
how does immunoglobulin function
it binds to bacteria or pathogens
where is rhodopsin found
retina of the eye
what is rhodopsin
light sensitive pigment of rod cells
what does rhodopsin do
absorbs photons of light
changes in shape and causes a nerve impulse to be sent to the brain
what is collagen
rope-like fibrous protein
how many polypeptides are in collagen
3
what does collagen form
dermis of skin
mesh of fibres in skin
blood vessel walls
what is collagen a structural component of
teeth, bones, tendons
what is keratin
a fibrous protein
how many polypeptides in keratin
2
what is keratin found in
hair, nails, claws, hooves
what do digestive enzymes do
break down macromolecules into monomers
what is insulin responsible for
uptake of glucose into cells
what is insulin
peptide hormone
what does insulin do
reduces glucose concentration in the blood
binds to special receptors
what is the denaturing of proteins
loss of the 3d structure and function of a protein
what does the denaturing of proteins result in
alteration of bonds that main secondary and tertiary structure
what is the denaturing of proteins caused by
strong acids and bases
heavy metals
heat and radiation
detergents and solvents
can essential amino acids be synthesized
no
how can non essential amino acids be made
from other amino acids
Note 
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