IPS1- A2 - States of Matter

Matter

____- is anything that has mass and occupies space

• Solid

• Liquid

• Gas

States of Matter [from strongest to weakest IMFA] [3]

Solid

[States of Matter]

_____-

• Molecules packed close together in an orderly pattern

• Rigid

Liquid

[States of Matter]

____-

• Molecules close together but randomly arranged

• Flows and takes shape of container

Gas

[States of Matter]

____-

• Molecules far apart

• Fills any container completely

• Melting

• Freezing

• Vaporization

• Condensation

• Sublimation

• Deposition

• Ionization

• Recombination

Phase Changes include [8]

Melting

[Phase Changes]

• Solid → Liquid = ___ ?

Freezing

[Phase Changes]

• Liquid → Solid = ___ ?

Vaporization

[Phase Changes]

• Liquid → Gas = ____ ?

Condensation

[Phase Changes]

• Gas → Liquid = ____ ?

Sublimation

[Phase Changes]

• Solid → Gas = ____ ?

Deposition

[Phase Changes]

• Gas → Solid = ____ ?

Ionization

[Phase Changes]

• Gas → Plasma =___ ?

Recombination

[Phase Changes]

• Plasma → Gas = ____ ?

True

[T/F]

• The enthalpy of the system increases as you move from solid → liquid → gas → plasma (energy is absorbed). It decreases in the reverse direction (energy is released).

Latent heat (Molar heat)

___- refers to the quantity of heat absorbed or released by a substance when it changes its state (like solid to liquid, or liquid to gas)

Molar heat

Latent heat is aka ___ ?

• Molar heat of fusion

• Molar heat of vaporization

• Molar heat of sublimation

Latent heat (Molar heat) can be ___ [3]

Molar heat of fusion

Heat needed to melt 1 mole of a solid to a liquid.

Molar heat of vaporization

Heat needed to change 1 mole of a liquid to a gas.

Molar heat of sublimation

Heat needed to change 1 mole of a solid directly to gas.

The image shows this clearly:

• Left: Solid (particles packed closely).

• Middle: Liquid (particles loosely packed, can move).

• Right: Gas (particles far apart and moving fast).

Heating moves particles apart (solid → liquid → gas).
Cooling brings them closer (gas → liquid → solid).

EXPLAIN

• Expands indefinitely: Gas

  • → Gas spreads out as much as possible.

• Highly compressible: Gas

  • → Gas can be squeezed into a smaller space easily.

Gas can ___[2]

False , Gas expands indifinitely

[T/F] Gas expands definitely

True

[T/F] Gas is highly compressible