pupil subcultures

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7 Terms

1
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what are pupil subcultures

groups of pupils who share similar values and behaviour patterns

2
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what is a pro-school subculture

  • mostly MC pupils placed in high streams and committed to the shared values

  • gaining status in the approved manner (academic success)

3
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what a an anti-school subculture

  • mostly WC pupils placed in low sets and school gave them an inferior status

  • they gain status by going against the school values and rules- status was gained through peer approval

4
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how do pupil subcultures develop

Lacey

  • differentiation- the process of teachers labelling pupils based on how they see their attitude e.g. streaming (high status for able pupils and inferior status for less able)

  • polarisation- process of pupils responding to streaming by moving to one ‘pole’ (extreme)

5
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what did Ball find

  • studied a comprehensive that was switching from streaming to mixed ability groups

  • he found that streaming being abolished had caused a decline in anti-school subcultures and the basis for polarisation is removed

  • EVAL- differentiation still occurred as teachers would categorise the MC pupils more favourably

  • Ball suggest that class differences will continue due to teacher labelling

6
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wha are the variety of pupil responses

Woods- argues that there are many responses to labelling rather than just 2 subcultures

  • ingratiation- teachers pet

  • ritualism- go through the motions and stay out of trouble

  • retreatism- daydreaming and messing about

  • rebellion- outright rejecting everything school stands for

Furlong- pupils aren’t fixed in one response, it can change between lessons and teachers

7
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what is the evaluation of labelling theory

  • it clearly shows schools class inequalities and challenges the idea that they’re fair institutions

  • too deterministic- assumes pupils will passively accept label but this is untrue (e.g. Fullers study of black girls)

  • marxists- labelling theory ignores the wider structure that labelling takes place in → it is not the teachers individual prejudices, it is that their job stems from a system that is unfair