Chapter 4: Growth, Diversity, and Conflict (1720–1763) - Vocabulary Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering the key terms, historical figures, conflicts, and political concepts from Chapter 4 (1720–1763).

Ohio Company of Virginia

A partnership formed in 1748 by prominent colonial planters and London merchants that received a 200,000-acre grant from the British crown to settle the upper Ohio Valley, directly challenging French land claims.

Tanaghrisson

An adopted Seneca "half-king" sent by the Iroquois Confederacy to the trading town of Logstown on the upper Ohio River to maintain Iroquois influence and speak for local native groups.

Covenant Chain

The diplomatic alliance between Great Britain and the Iroquois Confederacy that served as a cornerstone of British Indian policy in the American Northeast during the mid-eighteenth century.

Albany Congress

A meeting convened in Albany in June 1754 by the British Board of Trade to mend diplomatic relations with the Iroquois Confederacy and coordinate collective colonial defense.

Albany Plan of Union

A 1754 plan proposed by Benjamin Franklin advocating for "one general government" across the colonies with a continental assembly to manage trade, Indian policy, and defense.

Hendrick Peters Theyanoguin

A prominent Mohawk warrior and sachem who criticized British military inaction and urged stronger defense of the Covenant Chain at the Albany Congress of 1754.

William Pitt

A British statesman and expansionist who served as the architect of the British war effort during the Great War for Empire, committing massive military and financial resources to capture French possessions.

Treaty of Paris of 1763

The peace agreement ending the Great War for Empire that granted Great Britain sovereignty over French Canada, Spanish Florida, and all French territorial claims east of the Mississippi River.

Pontiac

An Ottawa chief who led a major native uprising at Detroit in 1763 to oppose encroaching Anglo-American settlement, explicitly declaring his allegiance to the French.

Neolin

A Delaware prophet whose nativist vision urged Native Americans to reject European goods and culture and forcibly expel white settlers from their territories.

Royal Proclamation of 1763

A imperial edict issued by the British ministry that recognized Indian ownership of trans-Appalachian lands and prohibited colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains.

Consumer Revolution

An economic phenomenon in the mid-eighteenth century driven by British industrial growth, which flooded the American colonies with manufactured goods and significantly increased colonial personal debt.

Susquehanna Company

A land speculation venture established in 1749 by Connecticut families aiming to claim and settle farmsteads in the Wyoming Valley of northeastern Pennsylvania.

Paxton Boys

A group of Scots-Irish frontiersmen who murdered twenty peaceful Conestoga Indians in 1763 and marched on Philadelphia to protest the Pennsylvania assembly's Indian policies.

South Carolina Regulators

A group of backcountry landowning vigilantes who organized in 1767 to demand eastern assembly leaders grant western districts additional courts, fairer taxation, and improved representation.

North Carolina Regulators

A movement of indebted backcountry farmers formed around 1766 who resisted debt collection, closed local courts, and fought royal governor William Tryon's forces at the Battle of the Alamance River in May 1771.