Honors biology 10-29-25

what is the cell theory?

One all living things are made up of cells. Two cells are the basic units of life. Three living cells come from other cells.

what is the pH and temperatures affect on reaction rate enzyme function

The farther away the pH from the optimal pH, the weaker the enzyme activity is. The rate of reaction is rising towards the optimal temperature, but immediately decrease decreases when slightly passed the optimal temperature

what is the enzyme and substrate concentration effect on reaction rate?

The higher, the enzyme concentration, the higher the rate of reaction. Once the point of saturation is me that increasing concentration does not affect the reaction rate therefore it says the same.

what are the two people in the timeline for cells?

Robert Hook looked at a cork to see that it was made of tiny things known as cells. Anton Van leeuwenhoek, was the first to see living cells.

what is the surface area to volume ratio?

Surface area of a cube equals edge times edge times six squared. Volume of a cube is edge times edge times edge to the third power.

prokaryote

High surface area to volume ratio no organelles

eukaryote

Low surface area to volume ratio with organelles

carbohydrates sugars

Basic unit= Monosaccharide=C6H12O6 which is polar

structural use=plants only cellulose

Energy storage in plants= starch in animals= glucose

lipids fats

Basic unit= fatty acid =short polar head and long non-polar tail(bumpy/uneven)

structural use= cell membranes

Energy storage= fats (animals months or years)

nucleic acids

basic unit= nucleotide= sugar+base+phosphate

structural use= DNA

Energy Storage= ATP

information storage=DNA RNA (blue prints for building proteins)

proteins

Basic unit= amino acid= constant backbone+variable side chain

Structure= string amino acids to make up every protein

Temp= how fast you are shaking the particles

polymer

Many repeated units

monomer

One unit that’s not small

what is the picture of the chemical reactions?

activation energy

The energy needed to start a chemical reaction Ea

catalyst

Something that assist a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy, but is not used up

enzyme

A catalyst made of protein