Module 7: State and Non-State Institutions

Power (political and sociological context)

Is the capacity to influence the actions, behaviors, and decisions of another individual.

The three sources of power

Force, Influence, and Authority

Force

The actual use of power by threatening coercion or consequence to impose an action or decision over another.

“Force” done in the Philippines

Ferdinand Marcos Sr.’s dictatorship

“Force” done by China to the Philippines

Aggression in the West Philippine Sea

Military Coup in Asia

Thailand-2016 and Myanmar-2020

Group of people who overthrew the Afghanistan government?

The Taliban

Influence

is exercised through persuasion and relationship .

Example of influence in the Philippines

When Jaime Cardinal Sin influenced Filipinos during both the 1986 and 2001 people power revolution, which toppled Marcos and Joseph Estrada.

Authority

Is power generated from legitimate means such as an election

Three types of authority

traditional, rational-legal, and charismatic.

Traditional Authority

stems from an absolute power passed on from generations to generations.

Rational-legal authority

Comes from the constitution of a country

Charismatic Authority

Is power derived from the personality of a leader exuding charisma.

Charisma

Is the compelling attraction or charm of a person that can be used to inspire others.

Functionalist perspective

Maintain peace and order, plan and direct society, meet social needs, and manage international relations.

Conflict perspective

sees the state as an all-controlling government that constricts people’s movement to maintain the status quo, which can be seen in the social structure of the society.

Coined the term power elite

C. Wright Mills

power elite

refers to those who control power in the society.

interactionist persective

does not employ a large-scale study on the government or the state, but rather a micro-level analysis of symbols that maintain the status quo or how power is arranged in the government.

Band

lowest complexity, rarely exceeding 100 in population.

Band is considered as what type of society?

egalitarian society

Tribes

composed of segmentary linages or clusters of family, 100 to 5,000 people.

Chiefdom

A ranked society, social classes exist along with the concept of wealth and power.

State

Largest and most formal among the 4. The most complex organization, as it runs on many levels of bureaucracies that handle various functions to meet its goals.

Branches of the Philippine government

Executive, legislative, and judiciary.

Executive Branch

headed by the president, vice president, and the cabinet secretaries that execute the laws the legislative branch makes

Legislative Branch

Senate and House of Representatives that crafts laws that would benefit the country.

Judiciary Branch

headed by the Chief Justice and the members of the supreme court that dispenses judges.

Impeachment

Is a political process wherein the members of the House of Representatives decide to initiate the removal of aforesaid officials, and the Senate acts as judges and decides on the matter.

Commission on Elections (COMELEC)

Mandate to conduct elections.

Commission on Human Rights (CHR)

Mandate to investigate any human rights violation of duty-bearers in the community.

Civil Service Commission (CSC)

Mandate to oversee the professionalism and integrity of government actions and personnel.

Commission on Audit (COA)

Mandate to audit or examine all government accounts and expenditure.

Local Government Unit (LGUs)

composed of the provincial government, city or municipal government, and barangay officials

Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM)

headed by a Wali—ceremonial chief.

Commercial Banks

Largest type of banks in the country.

Savings Bank

Aims to increase the savings of depositors.

Rural Banks

Smallest type of bank.

Corporation

A large type of business that is authorized to act as a single entity.

General Union

can be created across all levels and types of employment.

Industrial or craft unions

are unions of workers in a particular field.

White collar unions

Composed of professional workers such as teacher’s union

Advocacy

Refers to any activity that aims to influence a political, economic, or social institution toward a specific goal.

Development Agencies

Are international organizations whose goal is to create opportunities for development in various fields in the society.

United Nations

Established for world peace