CPR review

In 2 person CPR, when should you switch positions while giving CPR?

switch rescuers about every 2 minutes

How deep should compressions be on an adult?

at least 2 inches

AED stands for

automated external defibrillator

CAB with CPR stands for

Chest compressions, clearing of the airway, and rescue breathing

What is the first thing you should do when you get an AED to use with CPR?

turn it on

Where do you check the pulse on an unresponsive adult?

carotid pulse

What is the goal of CPR in a patient that has an arrhythmia?

to eliminate the abnormal heart rhythm

When would someone use hands only CPR?

when they are not trained in CPR

Why is it important to have complete chest recoil when performing high quality CPR?

it allows the heart to fill adequately between compressions

What is the correct ratio for compressions to breaths in a 1 rescuer infant CPR?

30 compressions to 2 breaths

What should you do if a victim has been in the water and needs CPR and use of an AED?

pull them out of the water and dry them off as much as possible before attaching the AED

What is the goal of defibrillation?

to restore a regular cardiac rhythm

If an infant begins to choke but is responsive, what should you do?

Give sets of 5 back slaps and 5 chest thrusts

What is the Heimlich maneuver?

a series of abdominal thrusts performed to remove an object that is lodged in a person's airway, preventing the person from breathing.

If an infant is unresponsive after choking, what should you do first?

Start CPR then look in the mouth for any foreign objects

If an adult has been choking and becomes unresponsive, what should you do first?

Start CPR, beginning with compressions

What is the most important action in performing CPR?

Compressions done correctly

If an adult was choking and then becomes unresponsive, you should start CPR and what else?

Each time you open the airway, look for an object that may be causing the obstruction.

How many compressions per minute for EVERY age?

100 - 120 minute

What are rescue breaths?

Given to a person with a pulse, but not breathing

How many rescue breaths for an adult?

Once every 5 - 6 seconds

How many rescue breaths for an infant or child?

Once every 3 - 5 seconds

Where do you check a pulse on an adult or child?

carotid

Where do you check a pulse on an infant?

brachial

How do you know if ventilations are effective

If the chest rises

How long should each breath take to give?

about 1 second

How do you allow the heart to fill back up with blood?

allow full recoil

When should you use an AED on a person with no pulse?

as soon as it is available

What is the first step in using an AED?

turn it on

In the AHA chain of survival there is (in order) early activation of the EMS, early CPR, early AED, advanced life support, and ?

post cardiac arrest care

What does ROSC stand for?

return of spontaneous circulation (pt. has a pulse again)

What is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in children?

respiratory failure or shock

Describe sudden cardiac arrest?

heart stops

What is ischemia?

lack of oxygen to body tissues

What is infarction?

tissue death

What is a myocardial infarction

heart attack

What do you look for in a stroke victim?

FAST (Face drooping, Arm drooping, speech problems, time)

Where do you push down for CPR?

lower portion of the sternum

How should you open a person's airway if there is no head or neck injury?

head tilt-chin lift

How should you open a person's airway if there IS a head or neck injury?

jaw thrust

How many breaths per minute do you give a victim with an advanced airway? (intubation tube)

Once every 6 seconds

If you have enough team members, how many hands should the person giving breaths with a BVM use?

two

After you check the scene for safety, what do you check next?

patient responsiveness (consciousness level)

If you find that a victim is unconscious, what do you do next?

call for help, activate EMS, call 911

Can you use adult AED pads on an infant?

yes

Can you use pediatric AED pads on an adult?

no

How far down do you compress an adults chest?

at least 2 inches

How far down do you compress a child's chest?

2 inches

How far down do you compress an infant's chest?

1 1/2 inches

What is the ratio of compressions to ventilations in an adult 1 person scenario?

30:2

What is the ratio of compressions to ventilations in an adult 2 person scenario?

30:2

What is the ratio of compressions to ventilations in a child 1 person scenario?

30:2

What is the ratio of compressions to ventilations in a child 2 person scenario?

15:2

What is the ratio of compressions to ventilations in an infant 1 person scenario?

30:2

What is the ratio of compressions to ventilations in an infant 2 person scenario?

15:2

Two life threatening arrhythmias that CAN be shocked are?

ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia

What is the universal sign of choking?

two hands clutching the throat

How do you know an unconscious victim is choking?

the chest won't rise

What should you be sure of prior to pushing the AED SHOCK button?

Everyone is CLEAR!

In Team Dynamics, everyone understanding his/her job is?

clear roles and responsibilities

In Team Dynamics, understanding what you know and are able to do is?

knowing your limitations

In Team Dynamics, tactfully telling a team member to change how they are giving care is?

constructive intervention

In Team Dynamics, letting the team know what you have done and/or what you feel should be the next step is?

knowledge sharing

In Team Dynamics, reviewing what went correct and what could be improved upon is?

summarizing & reevaluating

In Team Dynamics, giving a statement and making sure the other person repeats is back correctly is?

closed-loop communication

How long do you take to check breathing and circulation?

no longer than 10 seconds

Right after you deliver a shock, you should?

return to giving high quality compressions

How do you give compressions on an infant?

with two fingers in the center of the chest

How should you perform the heimlich maneuver on an obese person or pregnant woman?

do thrusts on the center of the chest instead (sternum)

What is the first maneuver you should do on an alert (conscious) choking infant?

place it's head down while supporting it's neck and deliver 5 back blows

What does BLS stand for?

basic life support

What are temporary gasps that are not adequate breathing?

agonal respirations

What is the only added step in giving care for an unconscious (unresponsive) choking victim above CPR?

check for item blocking airway after chest compressions