TOP: MODULE 8 - CARL ROGERS

formative tendency

Rogers (1978, 1980) believed that there is a tendency for all matter, both organic and inorganic, to evolve from simpler to more complex forms. For the entire universe, a creative process, rather than a disintegrative one, is in operation. Rogers called this process the ______________

Formative Tendency

• It move towards growth, order, and complexity

• It's not random or by accident

• This applies to everything in universe

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actualizing tendency

the tendency within all humans (and other animals and plants) to move toward completion or fulfillment of potentials (Rogers, 1959, 1980).

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actualizing tendency

• More specific than the formative tendency. • Something personal and only applicable to living things, specially to humans

• It includes mind, emotions, and body.

• Process is natural and automatic (e.g. body development, we do not force this because it comes naturally)

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Maintenance

Similar to the lower steps in Maslow's hierarchy of needs. It includes such basic needs as food, air,

and safety; but it also includes the tendency to resist change and to seek the status quo.

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Enhancement

Even though people have a strong desire to maintain the status quo, they are willing to learn and to change.

enhancement

This need to become more, to develop, and to achieve growth is called ___________

congruent or authentic

you're being real and honest they way how you act and speak, and who demonstrates (conditions of actualizing tendency)

empathy

truly understanding someone's feel, not just simply listening them (conditions of actualizing tendency)

unconditional positive regard

accepting people without judgement (conditions of actualizing tendency)

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self-actualization

The primary tendency of the organism is to maintain, actualize, and enhance itself.

self-concept

It includes all those aspects of one's being and one's experiences that are perceived in awareness (though not always accurately) by the individual.

How you see yourself, like a mirror.

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Organismic Self

this is the complete you, different from self concept.

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Ideal Self

Defined as one's view of self as one wishes to be. The ________ contains all those attributes, usually positive, that people aspire to possess

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Ideal Self

The person you want to become (e.g goals and values)

Positive regard

The person develops a need to be loved, liked, or accepted by another person.

positive self-regard

Defined as the experience of prizing or valuing one's self. Receiving positive regard from others is necessary for positive self-regard.

unconditional positive regard

The need to be liked, prized, or accepted by another person without any conditions or qualifications.

conditions of worth

is given only under certain circumstances. If we perceive that some of our behaviors are approved and some disapproved, then we see that our worth is conditional

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external evaluation

Our perceptions of other people's view of us.

Conditions of worth

When we feel we are only valued when we reach certain conditions.

You have to earned love or approval

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Incongruence

Conditions of worth that we receive during childhood lead to a somewhat false self-concept, one based on distortions and denials.

Incongruence

The self-concept that emerges includes vague perceptions that are not in harmony with our organismic experiences, and this _____________ between self and experience leads to discrepant and seemingly inconsistent behaviors.

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Vulnerability

Roger believed the greater the incongruence between our perceived self (self-concept) and our organismic experience, the more vulnerable we are

anxiety

a sense of uneasiness without clear reasons.

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anxiety and threat

Whereas vulnerability exists when we have no awareness of the incongruent within ourselves, _____________ are experienced as we gain awareness of such incongruence.

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Defensiveness

is the protection of the self-concept against anxiety and threat by the denial or distortion of experiences inconsistent with it.

Disorganization

Most people engage in defensive behavior, but sometimes defenses fail and become disorganized or psychotic.

congruence, unconditional positive regard, and empathy

For this reason, he regarded these three conditions as both necessary and sufficient conditions for becoming a fully functioning or self-actualizing person.