Fundamentals: Exam 2- Safety

safety

•Condition of being free from physical or psychological harm and injury

•Unintentional injuries

Injuries resulting from an unexpected event - accident

Major safety concerns in the home and community

National Patient Safety Goals to address key areas of concern in hospital, long-term care, home care, and outpatient settings.

What did The Joint Commission develop to highlight critical concerns in various healthcare settings?

By describing a culture of safety (QSEN) and valuing their role in preventing errors.

How does the nurse minimize risks to patients?

Communicate concerns related to hazards and errors to patients, families, and the health care team.

What should the nurse do regarding hazards and errors?

To create an action plan with specific recommendations to enhance safety in the healthcare environment.

What is the purpose of the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (2020)?

Risk for injury is influenced by internal and external factors.

What factors contribute to the risk for injury?

Body system integrity

Life span factors

What individual factors can affect the risk for injury?

Pollution

Lighting

Communicable diseases

Workplace hazards

What are some environmental factors that increase the risk for injury?

Concerns related to environmental hazards, body system integrity, and life span factors.

What are common patient safety concerns?

Poisoning

Toxins

Lead

Carbon monoxide

What are some examples of altered safety in the home and community?

Falls

Restraints

Medication administration errors

Radiation

Drug-resistant microorganisms

Procedural errors

What are some examples of altered safety in health care agencies?

Plants

Medications

Household chemicals

Fires and electrical hazards

Abuse

Bioterrorism

Suffocation and drowning

What are common home and community safety hazards?

Safety in the home

Poisoning

Fire and electrical hazards

Biohazards

Home temperature safety

Tripping and falling hazards

Outside environment

Workplace safety

What should the health history and physical assessment address regarding safety?

A tool used to assess fall risk by evaluating various factors such as mobility, cognitive function, and medical conditions.

What is the Johns Hopkins Hospital Fall Assessment Tool?

Morse Fall Scale

A fall risk assessment tool that evaluates factors like history of falls, secondary diagnoses, ambulatory aids, gait, and mental status.

A model used to assess fall risk in older adults, considering factors such as confusion, depression, ambulatory aid use, and drug interactions.

What is the Hendrich II Fall Risk Model?

A collection of strategies and tools aimed at preventing falls, including environmental modifications, exercise programs, and patient education.

What is the purpose of the Fall Prevention Toolkit?

The Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths, and Injuries (STEADI) initiative provides healthcare professionals with tools to assess and reduce fall risk in older adults.

What is the STEADI initiative?

Weakness in upper and lower right extremities, JHH score of 10, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and taking metoprolol and enalapril.

What are the supporting data for the risk of injury?

Older than 75 years of age, use of a walker, confusion.

What are the supporting data for the risk for fall?

Household chemicals present

What are the supporting data for the risk for poisoning?

Critical assessment findings, patient's developmental level, cultural background, baseline understanding, and goals articulated by the patient and family.

What should be considered during the planning phase of patient care?

it helps ensure care is tailored to meet the unique needs of each patient, improving outcomes and patient satisfaction.

What is the importance of developing individualized, patient-centered interventions and goals?

Collaboration with various healthcare team members to create a comprehensive approach to address the patient's needs and safety.

What does an interdisciplinary plan of care involve?

identifying hazards, helping the patient and family take appropriate action, and utilizing available community resources.

What are some key safety interventions in the home and community?

Ensuring safety through fire protocols (RACE), electrical safety, fall prevention, seizure precautions, proper use of restraints, side rails, safe medication administration, and infection control.

What are some safety interventions in the healthcare environment?

R - Rescue, A - Alarm, C - Contain, E - Extinguish.

What does RACE stand for in fire safety in healthcare?

-Check for faulty or loose wiring.

-Monitor patients at risk for shock (e.g., multiple electrical devices).

-Do not use malfunctioning machines.

What are safety interventions for electrical energy in healthcare?

- Ensure proper use of side rails.

- Implement fall precautions.

- Remove environmental hazards.

What are fall prevention measures in healthcare?

Provide a safe environment.

Monitor patients at risk for seizures.

What are seizure precautions?

Follow facility policies.

Monitor regularly.

Use only when necessary for safety.

How should restraints be used properly?

Prevents errors.

Ensures correct medication and dosage.

Minimizes risks of adverse reactions.

How does safe medication administration contribute to safety?

Practice good hygiene.

Sterilize equipment.

Follow infection control protocols.

How can pathogen transmission be reduced in healthcare?

Minimizes risks.

Ensures consistency and safety.

Maintains compliance with best practices.

Why follow facility policy and procedure for equipment-related events?

Follow safety protocols.

Use protective equipment.

Minimize unnecessary exposure

How can radiation exposure be minimized?

- Be familiar with the facility's disaster plan.

- Follow protocols for responding to potential bioterrorism events.

What should healthcare professionals know about bioterrorism?

Ongoing process to assess intervention effectiveness.

Modify the care plan as needed.

What is the role of evaluation in patient care?

History of falls is worth 3 points

How many points is a history of falls worth in the Johns Hopkins Fall Assessment Tool?

Cognitive status is worth 4 points for confusion or disorientation.

How many points are assigned for cognitive status in the Johns Hopkins Fall Assessment Tool?

Medications (e.g., sedatives, diuretics) are worth 2 points.

How many points are assigned for medications that increase fall risk?

Impaired mobility (e.g., requiring assistance, limited movement) is worth 4 points

How many points is mobility impairment worth in the assessment?

IV lines or catheters are worth 2 points.

How many points is a patient's use of intravenous lines or catheters worth?

Elimination needs (e.g., urinary incontinence, frequent toileting) are worth 1 point.

How many points are assigned for elimination needs (e.g., urinary incontinence)?

0-4 points = Low fall risk

5-9 points = Moderate fall risk

10-18 points = High fall risk

How is the total fall risk score interpreted in the Johns Hopkins Fall Assessment Tool?