bio

What helps to maintain life in your body, similar to how a city functions?

Various systems maintained by specialized cells.

What are specialized cells?

Cells that have specific physical and chemical traits enabling them to perform unique functions in the body.

Where do specialized cells develop from?

Specialized cells develop from stem cells found in embryos, umbilical cords, and some adult tissues.

How many cells does the human body contain approximately?

50–75 trillion cells.

What is the total number of different types of specialized cells in the body?

About 220 different types of specialized cells.

What is the function of nerve cells?

Conduct electrical impulses to coordinate activities throughout the body.

What do skin cells do?

Protect internal cells and reduce water loss.

What is the primary function of muscle cells?

Enable movement.

What is the function of sperm and egg cells?

Reproduction.

What acronym is used to remember the reasons for cell division?

GRR.

What is one reason for cell division related to size?

Growth, as smaller cells are more efficient at moving nutrients and waste.

What happens to damaged or dead cells?

They are replaced through cell division.

What is asexual reproduction?

Reproduction involving one parent and offspring that are genetic clones.

How does sexual reproduction differ from asexual reproduction?

Involves two parents and results in genetically unique offspring.

What stages are included in the cell cycle?

Interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis.

During what phase does DNA replicate?

Interphase.

What happens during prophase?

DNA condenses into chromosomes and the nuclear membrane breaks down.

What is the central event in anaphase?

Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles, becoming daughter chromosomes.

What occurs in telophase?

Daughter chromosomes unwind back into chromatin, and the nuclear membrane reforms.

What is cytokinesis?

The division of the cytoplasm, resulting in two distinct cells.

What are the two main parts of the nervous system?

Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).

What does the Central Nervous System consist of?

The brain and spinal cord.

How many neurons are in the human body approximately?

About 100 billion neurons.

What is the primary function of neurons?

To conduct electrical signals from one part of the body to another.

What do sensory receptors detect?

Pressure, temperature, and pain.

What is the function of the digestive system?

To take in food, digest it, absorb nutrients, and excrete waste.

What is the main site of nutrient absorption in the digestive system?

The small intestine.

What does the circulatory system transport?

Nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and waste.

What are the three main parts of the circulatory system?

Blood, heart, and blood vessels.

What is blood pressure measured with?

A sphygmomanometer.

What are the main functions of the respiratory system?

To bring in oxygen for cellular respiration and remove carbon dioxide.

Where does gas exchange happen in the lungs?

In the alveoli.