socpol lesson 5

Culture

complex whole (knowledge, beliefs, etc) acquired by an individual as a member of a society ; consists of pattern, explicit and implicit ; essential core of culture consist of traditional ideas ; exists anywhere humans exist

tangible heritage

immovable, movable, underwater

non-tangible heritage

oral traditions, performing arts, rituals, skills

natural heritage

cultural landscape, physical biological, our geological formation

tangible

church, artifacts, museums, park, monument

intangible

knowledge, social norms, folk ways, mores, laws

norms

guides or models of correct behavior

folkways

habitual ways and patterns of living

mores

special norms that has something to do with morality

laws

formalized rules created by people

values

person's judgement of what is right and wrong

beliefs

individuals perception of acceptanle and reality

ethnocentrism

tendency to judge other culture

xenocentrism

rejection of one's culture

culture shock

result of people not expecting cultural differences

cultural relativism

judging cultural practices in references to our personal standard rather through one's culture

anthropology

- study of humankind in all times and places

- focusing on the human interconnections and interdependence of all aspects of the uman experience

anthropos

humans

logos

study

- Henry Otley Beyer

- F Landa Jocano

- Peter Bellwood

famous anthropologists in the philippines

67,000 y/o toe bone from early human Callao Cave, Cagayan

oldest human remains in PH

42,000 y/o tabon man, tabon cave palawan

arrival of humas in southest asia

Cultural Anthropology

deals with the evolutionary process of society and culture as an integrated whole

Linguistic Anthropology

deals with language and patterns that reflects the structure and characteristics of a community

Archaeology

study of human and society through rediscovery and recovery of material remains and artifacts

Physical/Biological Anthropology

humans as biolological organisms considering their origin, evolution and development, differentiation and diversities and adaptation.

Sociology

study of the behavior of society and the social interactions taking place in it

reproductive health RH Law 2012

Family relations: separation and divorce

socius logos

companion study

Social Organization

- formation of social groups and institution and their behavior

- focuses on how social groups are formed and their different characteristics in relation to other groups

Social Psychology

human behavior as an outcome of individual personality and collective behavior

Social Change

- understanding society as an institution

- focusing on social organization and social disorganization as a consequences of changes in the environment

Population Studies

- composition of the population

- they significantly influence the existing economic, political and social system

Social Research

rediscovery and redevelopment of sociological findings as a way of explaining and understanding social phenomena

Politics

deals with the issue of the state, governanceleadership bureaucracy and its interaction with its citizens

politika or

polis

political science

relating to the affairs of the cities' citizen

political theory

- origins and purpose of the state and governance

- using different philosophical perspective and its foundation

public law

public administration

- techniques and methods use in the management of the government

- operationalization of the government by looking at tge interaction between the branches

sikolohiyang pilipino (filipino psychology)

psychology vorn out of the experience, though, orientation of filipinos. based on the full use filipino culture and langaubeof usin

colonialism

policy/practice of acquiring full/partial polictical control over another country, occupying it with settlers. and exploiting it economically

deconialism

act of getting rid of colonization

- freeing a country from a country from being dependent on another country

post colonialism

- political / cultural condition of a former colony

- theoretical approach in various disciplines that is concerned with the lasting impact of colonization in former colonies

modern period

period beginning in the last quarter of the 20th century when informaion brcause easily accessible through publications through the manipulation of information by computers and computer network

enlightenment

- action of enlightening or the state being enlightened

- European intellectual movement of the late 17th and 18th centurie emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition

United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (2002)

set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual, and emotional features of society or a social group and that it encompasses

Leslia A. White

Culture as an organization of phenomena that is dependent upon symbols, phenomena includes:

- acts (patterns of behavior)

- objects (tools and things made by tools)

- ideas (beliefs, knowledge)

- sentiments (attitudes, values)

Culture is Learned

- Not a matter of race or genes

- Learned through symbolic gestures and languages

- learned through imitation and experience

Culture is shared

- we share a large number of beliefs and practices

- transmitted through learning and helps shape behavior and beliefs

Culture is cumulative

- increasing in quantity, degree, or force by successive additions

- Knowledge is being passed from one generation to the next and new knowledge is added

cultures change

- all cultural knowledge does not perpetually accumulate

- some old ones are lost because of irrelevancy

culture is dynamic

- stems from its cumulative quality

- no culture is in a permanent state

- new ideas and techniques are added

Diffusion

spread of traits from individual and from one group to another

Culture is ideational

- culture is an ideal pattern of behavior which the members are expected to follow

- assign meanings to environment and experiences by symbolizing them

- language and money are symbols

language

most important symbolic component of culture