Ch. 3 - acid/base, rxns

• substitution

• addition

• elimination

• rearrangement

• acid-base rxn

types of chemical reactions

• heterolysis

• homolysis

types of bond cleavage

heterolysis

mvmt of both electrons to an atom, double barbed

homolysis

mvmt of one electron to each atom, single barbed

nucleophile

electron-donating, lewis base, carbanion

electrophile

electron-seeking, lewis acid, carbocation

towards the weaker acid/base

which way will an acid/base reaction move in terms of direction

pKa, Ka

indicators of acid/base strength

• resonance structure

• inductive effect

• substituent effect

• protic effect

• halogen

• polarity

• bond length

• s character (hybridization)

factors affecting acid/base strength

basic

are carbonyl containing compounds acidic or basic

amphiteric

are alcohols basic or acidic

basic

are ethers basic or acidic

basic

are amines and amides basic or acidic

basic

are alkenes basic or acidic