Amoeba Sisters - DNA replication & Mutations

Where does DNA replication occurs

Nucleus of Eukaryotic Cells

Does DNA replication happen before or after Mitosis/Meiosis

Before, because it happens in S-phase (replication of DNA)

What are the Key Players in DNA replication

• Helicase

• DNA Polymerase

• Primase

• Ligase

The unzipping enzyme that separates the two strands of DNA by breaking hydrogen bonds.

Helicase

The builder, responsible for replicating DNA to create a new DNA strand.

DNA Polymerase

The initializer, which creates RNA primers to guide DNA polymerase.

Primase

The gluer, which joins DNA fragments together

Ligase

Which strand of DNA goes from 5’ to 3’

Leading Strand

Which strand of DNA goes from 3’ to 5’

Lagging Strand

Which strand is built continuedly

Leading Strand 5’ to 3’

Which strand is built in fragments

Lagging Strands

What do you call the fragments made in the Lagging strand

Okazaki Fragments

What connects the Okazaki Fragments together

Ligase

Is DNA replication Conservative or Semi-conservative

Semi-conservative

Explain Semi-Conservative Replication

The replicated DNA strand contains 1 template and 1 replicated strand

What do you called when the Helicase is cutting the DNA strand

Replication Fork

Where does DNA replication begin

Origin of Replication / Point of Replication

What prevents the newly DNA strands from coiling/annealing back together

SSB Protein (Single-Strand Protein)

What prevents the DNA strand from super coiling

Topoisomerase

Who “Proofreads” the strands after

DNA Polymerase

what type of Bonds do Helicase breaks

Hydrogen

What is Point Mutation

A change in a single nucleotide within a gene

What are the different types of Point Mutation

• Silent

• Missense

• Nonsense

What are the different types of Frameshift Mutation

• Insertion

• Deletion

What is Insertion

A extra nucleotides are added to the DNA sequence, leading to a frameshift mutation

What is Deletion

A nucleotides are removed from the DNA sequence, also causing a frameshift mutation.

What is Silent Mutation

A substitution that does not result in any change in the amino acid sequence due to the redundancy of the genetic code

What is Nonsense Mutation

A substitution that changes a codon for an amino acid into a stop codon, prematurely terminating protein synthesis

What is a Missense Mutation

A substitution that results in a change of a single amino acid in the protein encoded by the gene