Force shape momentum

Force

A push or pull that causes changes in speed, shape, or direction of an object.

Types of Forces

Gravitational, electrostatic, frictional, and magnetic are examples of forces.

Vector Quantity

A quantity that has both magnitude and direction.

Scalar Quantity

A quantity that has only magnitude.

Resultant Force

The single force that has the same effect as all individual forces acting on an object combined.

Friction

A force that opposes motion between two surfaces in contact.

Factors Affecting Stopping Distance

Factors include speed, mass, road condition, tyre condition, and driver's reaction time.

Terminal Velocity

The constant speed reached by a falling object when air resistance balances the weight.

Hooke's Law

Describes how the extension of a spring is proportional to the applied force in the linear region.

Elastic Behaviour

The ability of a material to return to its original shape after deforming forces are removed.

Conservation of Momentum

In a closed system, total momentum before an event equals total momentum after the event.

Newton's Third Law

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Centre of Gravity

The point at which the whole weight of a body acts, typically at the geometric centre for symmetrical objects.

Principle of Moments

For an object in equilibrium, total clockwise moment equals total anticlockwise moment.

Upward Forces on a Beam

Support closer to a heavy object exerts a greater upward force to balance the increased turning effect.