Nutritional Tools and Guidelines

Nutritional Status

the current body status of a person group, related to their state of nourishment ( the consumption and utilization of nutrients 

• Internal Constitutional Factor

• External Environmental Factor

The nutritional status is determined by a

• Internal Constitutional Factor

age sex nutrition behavior, physical activity and diseases 

External Environmental Factor

food, safety, cultural , social and economic circumstances

Ideal Nutritional Status

Occurs when the supply of the nutrients conform to the nutritional requirements or needs

DIET ARE RATED IN QUALITY

according to the balance of nutrients they provide, and not solely on the type of food eaten or the amount of caloric  intake

Dietary Reference Intakes

The general term for a set of reference values used to plan and assess nutrient intakes of healthy people. These values, which vary by age and sex include

Recommended Dietary Allowance

average daily level of intake sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all (97-98%) healthy people

Adequate Intake

established when evidence is insufficient to develop an RDA and is set at a level assumed to ensure nutritional adequacy.

• The recommended average daily intake level based on observed or experimentally determined approximations or estimation of nutrient intake by a group (or groups) of apparently healthy people that are assumed to be adequate

  • Used when the RDA cannot be determined 

• Acts as a guide for people to understand their approximate daily nutrient needs and to prevent the onset of nutrient deficiencies 

Tolerable Upper Intake Level

• maximum daily intake unlikely to cause adverse health effects.

• The highest level of daily intake that is likely to pose no adverse health effects in most human individuals 

Estimated Average Requirement

Is the amount of the nutrient that is estimated to meet the requirement for a specific criteria of adequacy of half of the healthy individuals of a specific age, sex, and life-stage

Recommended Dietary Allowance Factors

1. Sex

2. Age

3. Physical work 

   1. Sedentary | moderate | hard (heavy) 

4. Physiological Stress 

   1. Pregnancy | Lactation

Recommended Energy and Nutrient Intakes

RECOMMENDED DIETARY ALLOWANCE (RDA)

Now Known as

Dietary Guidelines

a set of guidelines or qualitative statements for making food choices that will help a person or a population lead a healthy life, maintain optimum weight and reduce the risk of chronic disease

Food Guides

• typically represent the recommended food groups in the suggested proportions for a good diet.  

• tell us the kinds and amounts of food that constitute a nutritionally adequate diet. 

  •  usually presented graphically

1. Energy giving (go)

2. Bodybuilding (grow) 

3. Body regulating (Glow) 

Three Food Group

• US Department of Agriculture

• Food Pyramid

• Food Exchange Lists

• Food Labels

• Nutrient Guidelines for Filipino

DIETARY GUIDELINES AND FOOD GUIDES

US Department of Agriculture

• Responsible for publishing nutritional guidelines for healthy eating based on ongoing research.

• The basics haven't really changed, only a few adjustments. 

focus on filling half of your plate with fruits and vegetables at every meal.

7
9

• Women: at least __ servings of fruits and vegetables

• Men: at least ___ servings of fruits and vegetables

Food Pyramid

• Hierarchy of food groups.  

• General guide for the right food with the right amount. 

•  Ranks the food groups according to the amounts to be consumed.

• Variety

• Proportionality and Balances

• Moderation

Food Pyramid Designed to CONVEY:

Food Exchange List

refers to the food items on each list which may be

substituted with any other food item on the same list. 

• One exchange is approximately equal to another in carbohydrate, calories, protein and fat within each food list.

Egg

Peanuts
Tree Nuts

Soybeans

Fish

Milk

Shellfish

Wheat

8 Major Food Allergens

Serving Size 

Kilocalories (kcal) 

Nutrients

Nutrition Facts 

Nutrient Content Claims

Claims about the nutrient composition of food.  Example: “ a good source of calcium”

Must provide 10- 19% of the DailyValue for Calcium In one serving

Health Claims

Claims that state certain food substances as part of an overall healthy diet may reduce the risk of certain diseases 

Nutrient Guidelines for Filipino

• Gives advice on the consumption of foods and food components for which there are public health concerns 

• Qualitative recommendations are essential for nutritional health 

Nutritional Status

or nutriture is the degree to which the individual’s psychological need for nutrients is being met by the food the person eats.

Nutritional Assessment

The interpretation of anthropometric, biochemical (laboratory), clinical and dietary data to determine whether a person or groups of people are well nourished or malnourished (overnourished or under-nourished)

24 Hour Recall

The individual completes a questionnaire or is interviewed by a dietitian/nutritionist or a nurse experienced in dietary interviewing and is asked to recall everything that he/she ate within the last 24 hours or the previous day.

Food Frequency Questionnaire

Designed to assess habitual diet by asking about the frequency with which food items or specific food groups are consumed over a reference period

Non-quantitative FFQ

•  if they collect only frequency information, and no portionsize information.

Semi-quantitative FFQ

•  if they collect information on both frequency and portionsize

Food Diary / Food Record

In this method, the subject is asked to write down everything he/she eats or drinks for a certain period oftime.

• Keeping a food diary will allow you to analyze what foods you are not eating enough of, or which ones you're eating too much.

Dietary History

a detailed retrospective dietary assessment which obtains details of individual foods, and comprehensive information about foods eaten less regularly.

• Itis used to describe usual food and /or nutrient intakes over months or a year

Observed Food Consumption

The meal eaten by the individual is weighed and contents are

exactly calculated.

Ideal Body Weight

 is a clinical standard that incorporates biometric variables including height, gender, and age. 

Body Mass Index

• _______correlate significantly with body fatness, and experts use them to help evaluate a person’s health risks associated with underweight or overweight.

• are most accurate in assessing degrees of obesity and are less useful for evaluating nonobese people’s body fatness. The BMI values have two major drawbacks:

  • They fail to indicate how much of the weight is fat and

  •  where that fat is located.