PAFIT4220: Martial Arts (Arnis)

Vocabulary flashcards covering the concepts, historical background, terminology, categories, and technical mechanics of Martial Arts and Arnis.

Martial Arts

Broad range of traditional and modern combat practices and systems rooted in cultures and philosophies around the world, practiced for self-defense, mental wellness, and competition.

Koryu

Meaning 'old school' or 'traditional school,' refers to classical Japanese martial arts originating in feudal Japan that predate the Meiji Restoration of 1868 and are associated with the samurai class.

Karate

Modern Japanese martial art style that focuses on hand strikes.

Aikido

Modern Japanese martial art style that incorporates joint locks and throws.

Judo

Modern Japanese martial art style defined as the art of throwing and ground fighting.

Kendo

Modern Japanese martial art style that uses bamboo swords called shinai.

Taekwondo

Globally recognized Korean martial art that combines fast-paced striking movements and emphasizes mental fortitude.

Hapkido

Korean martial art that uses redirection of an opponent's energy to leverage motion rather than brute force.

Mixed Martial Arts (MMA)

An intense and evolving combat sport developed in the 1990s that incorporates various martial arts disciplines with no distinct single style.

Capoeira

Brazilian martial art incorporating rhythmic and fluid kicks, sweeps, and spins to the beat of live music, known for its strategic evasions and trickery.

Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu

Brazilian martial art focusing on real-life self-defense through grappling techniques, body control, joint locks, chokeholds, and positioning.

Tai Chi

Chinese internal martial art style focusing on achieving an inner state of relaxation, flowing movements, health benefits, and meditation in motion.

Kung Fu

Chinese external martial art style utilizing physical strength, speed, explosive movements, and direct striking combat techniques.

Striking Martial Arts

Also called standup martial arts, a category focusing on executing techniques with both combatants standing, using fists, feet, shins, elbows, or knees.

Grappling Martial Arts

Category of martial arts focusing on close-quarters combat, controlling an opponent, groundwork, clinches, throws, takedowns, and submissions.

Hybrid Martial Arts

Fighting styles that combine both striking and grappling tactics from multiple disciplines to create well-rounded combat systems (e.g., MMA, Krav Maga, Jeet Kune Do).

Krav Maga

Dynamic system of combat developed for the Israeli military, known as reality-based self-defense prioritizing situational awareness and effectiveness over aesthetics.

Lapu-Lapu

Chieftain of Mactan believed to have first exposed Arnis to the world when he fought and defeated Ferdinand Magellan on April 27, 1521.

Miguel De Legaspi

Spanish warrior navigator who landed in Abuyong, Leyte in April 1564 and witnessed native fighting demonstrations from chief Malitik and chief Tupas.

NARAPHIL

National Arnis Association of the Philippines, formed in 1975 by General Fabian Ver to unite all arnis groups in the Philippines.

ARPHI

Arnis Philippines, an organization formed in July 1986 to promote, preserve, propagate, and regain the popularity of Arnis nationwide.

WEKAF

World Eskrima Kali Arnis Federation, established on August 11-13, 1989 in Manila by delegates led by lawyer Dionisio 'Diony' Canete.

Modern Arnis

Filipino fighting art founded by Remy Amador Presas as an injury-free training method and self-defense system primarily derived from the bolo and Balintawak eskrima.

Remy Amador Presas

Founder of Modern Arnis recognized as the 'Father of Modern Arnis'.

Republic Act No. 9850

Law signed in 2009 by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo declaring Arnis as the national sport of the Philippines and mandating its inclusion in Physical Education.

Olisi

Also called baston, a piece of rattan or hardwood used in Arnis, ideally 75 cm long, 2.4 cm in diameter, and weighing about 200 gms.

Daga

Also called baraw, a knife-shaped or dagger-shaped piece of hardwood between 25 and 32 cm long used in Arnis training.

Yukbo

Also called saludo or pugay, a salutation in Arnis whose main function is to show respect before and after sessions or when entering and leaving the practice area.

Abaniko

A fan-like lateral (side-to-side) motion performed with a straightened arm as a blocking or striking maneuver in Arnis.

Anyo

Also called sayaw, a form consisting of informal dance-like movements in Arnis practiced with or without the stick.

Arko

Series of circular strikes in Arnis, also referred to as sirkulo.

Origin of the Name Arnis

Derived from the old Spanish term 'arnés', meaning armor, referring to colorful trappings used in Moro-Moro plays.

Origin of the Name Eskrima

Filipinization of the Spanish word 'esgrima', meaning fencing or a game between two combatants using blunt instruments.

Origin of the Name Kali

Derived from the pre-Hispanic Filipino term 'Kalis', which meant blades and fencing.

Crossada

A crossing maneuver used to block an incoming attack by forming an 'X' pattern with one's baton, arms, or bladed weapon.

Eskrido

Martial art style combining techniques from Eskrima, Jiu-Jitsu, and Judo, incorporating stances, throws, locks, disarms, and strikes.

Espada y Daga

Traditional FMA technique using a sword (espada) and dagger (daga) or a baton and knife together in tandem.

Pangamot

Complete bare-handed defense system derived from the Cebuano word 'kamot' (hand), employing coordinated movements of hands, arms, body, and legs.

Punyo

The pommel or butt of the stick closer to the handle, also used to deliver butt strikes (puk-pok).

Sinawali

Meaning 'to weave', a continuous weaving motion using two batons, knives, or hands to execute simultaneous strikes and blocks.

Witik

A short curving snap strike executed from the wrist that creates a whip-like motion.

Limbering Exercises

Warm-up exercises designed to relax and tone up muscles, making them more controllable before or after training sessions.

Rabbit Hopping Exercise

Muscle-strengthening exercise where a practitioner clasps hands at sides, bends knees, sits on toes, and jumps upward and forward.

Planking

Exercise where the practitioner lies on the ground with elbows in line with shoulders, pushing the body up on forearms and feet while keeping it straight.

Strike 1 (Left Temple Strike)

A diagonal downward slash in a 1 o'clock direction targeting the opponent's left temple while placing the free hand on the chest.

Strike 2 (Right Temple Strike)

A diagonal downward backhand swing following an 11 o'clock angle targeting the opponent's right temple.

Strike 3 (Left Torso Strike)

A diagonal forehand slashing swing targeting any part of the body between the shoulder and hips on the left side.

Strike 4 (Right Torso Strike)

A backhand slashing swing extending the weapon hand to strike the right side between the shoulder and hips.

Strike 5 (Thrust Strike)

A thrusting attack directed at the opponent's stomach followed by an upward motion.

Strike 6 (Left Chest Stab)

A thrusting motion extending the arm with palm facing outward toward the left chest of the opponent.

Strike 7 (Right Chest Stab)

A thrusting strike directed at the opponent's right chest targeting the lungs.

Strike 8 (Left Leg Strike)

A downward diagonal slashing motion with palm facing upward targeting the opponent's lower left leg (knee or ankle).

Strike 9 (Right Leg Strike)

A diagonal downward backhand swing aimed at the right leg of the opponent.

Strike 10 (Left Eye Poke)

A thrusting strike aimed at the left eye socket intended to take away vision.

Strike 11 (Right Eye Poke)

A thrusting strike aimed at the right eye socket to impair the opponent's vision.

Strike 12 (Crown Strike)

A straight downward overhead swing targeting the crown of the opponent's head.