Ancient Asian Empires - History

Barriers

Pacific Ocean, Himalayan mountains, gobi desert. This protect china from invasions

What did the barrier help do?

Allowed it to develop many historical inventions and discoveries.

Rivers

Yellow river and the yantez river. They both provided a fertile environment for the growing of rice and other resources. Supports an enormous population.

Civilization

Sees china as center of the world, see outsiders as uncivilized, nobles control groups, the group is more important than the individual.

Religion

Spirits of ancestors intervene in people’s lives, family paid respect to father’s ancestor, spirits of ancestors consulted the gods and communicated to people through oracle bones.

Language

1 of 5 original writing system uses symbols to represent syllables, huge numbers of characters make difficult to learn.

Zhou Dynasty

Implemented the feudal system, made the Mandate of Heaven - ruler will be approved by God.

The Mandate of Heaven parts

Mandate, govern, crisis, failure

Mandate - God says so

Inheritance, conquer

Govern - rule the people

Make laws, taxes, civil series (people)

Crisis: the recover of fall

Natural disasters, war/invasion, economic fall

Failure: Gods choice

Rebellion, lose the war, recession

Who decides where you start on the Mandate of Heaven?

God chooses where you start

Quin Dynasty

Only last for 20 years, under the ruler of Shi Huanghi, ATTEMPTS to unify China after years of unrest, poor built the wall, continued to build a defensive wall “the Great Wall of China” to keep out invaders.

Han Dynasty

Beijing’s in about 202 BCE last 400 years, still has great effect on today’s people culture, Liu bang founder (established central government, lower taxes and refused punishment)

Han advances

Intention of paper, collar harness and plow increase food production.

Silk Road

130 BCE, trade routes that connect China to the Middle East, China goods like silk, porcelain, paper, and tea were very popular and bring top dollar on the market

Steppe

Dry grassland with extreme temp changes, split into eastern and western

Pastoralists

Herded domestic animals

Nomads

Followed a seasonal pattern of campsites, looking for good pasturelands

Clans

Traveling groups that claim a common ancestor

Universal ruler

Temugin - mongol ruler who united the clans and took the title “Genghis Khan” which is ruler is “universal ruler”

Son of Genghis Khan

Ogedei - known as the “great Khan” took over after death of Genghis, his father. Further expanded Mongol empire west, south, and east

Grandson of Genghis Khan

Kublai Khan - grandson of Genghis, became the great Khan in 1260 and ruled the Khanate of the great Khan. Created the the Yuan Dynasty

Four Khanate's

after death of Ogedai, the Empire was divided into four Khanates. Each was ruled by a descendant of Genghis Khan.

China Khanate

Great Khan

Russia Khanate

Golden Horde

Central Asia Khanate

The Chagatai

Persia Khanate

The Ikhanate

4 reasons why they were successful

Organization, strategy, technology, fear

Khan Organization

Khan organized his military men in very strict structure powers of 10

Khan strategy

Used spies, decoys, biological warfare, and flanking maneuvers to confuse and defend enemies

Khan technology

Captured Chinese engineers to construct catapults, gunpowder, and weaponry.

Khan fear

Khan used cruelty to frighten his opponents

Mongol peace

Time of free trade and safe travel across the Asia and Europe that occurred at the height of Mongol empire

Marco Polo

An Italian trader who traveled the far east extensively. He worked with kublain Khan and stories of his travel were published

Mongols invasions

In 1274 and again in 1281, the mongols sent large invasions to Japan, a typhoon his during the second, much larger invasion

What does Kamikaze mean

Devine wind, this implied that the Japan gods sent the storm to save the Japanese.

End of the empire

Money troubles, death of Kubla Khan, rebellion, bubonic plague